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Founded in 1869, Nature has published many of the most significant scientific breakthroughs. A geneticist by training, Dr. Skipper leads Nature's editorial teams and is committed to mentorship, research integrity, and open, equitable research practices. She also serves on the UK Blavatnik Awards' Scientific Advisory Council and is a fellow of the International Science Council. The following is the rapporteur report of this lecture. The authors are Villars Fellows. 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threshold](https://www.euronews.com/green/2024/06/05/global-temperatures-likely-to-surpass-15c-limit-by-2028-un-agency-predicts) in the next three years and, according to the [Protected Planet Report 2024](https://digitalreport.protectedplanet.net/), protected and conserved areas must almost double in area on land and more than triple in the ocean by 2030. These two scientific and policy trends have near- and long-term implications. The following is the rapporteur report of an expert discussion convened under the Chatham House rule. The authors are Villars Fellows. 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"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1745920966/villars-institute/banner/h-2_image__54400732195_e604e0511d_k_ulfkgk.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1745920966/villars-institute/banner/h-2_image__54400732195_e604e0511d_k_ulfkgk.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1745920966/villars-institute/banner/h-2_image__54400732195_e604e0511d_k_ulfkgk.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1745920966/villars-institute/banner/h-2_image__54400732195_e604e0511d_k_ulfkgk.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1745920966/villars-institute/banner/h-2_image__54400732195_e604e0511d_k_ulfkgk.jpg"}}}},"color":null}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-07-30T01:32:00.66","taxonomyLabel":"Planetary Boundaries","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6810a60634279d2cbf7738d4","path":"/perspectives/protecting-biodiversity-and-restoring-nature-at-scale-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"protecting-biodiversity-and-restoring-nature-at-scale-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Protecting Biodiversity and Restoring Nature at Scale: Villars Rapporteur Report ","published":"2026-07-30T01:32:00.66","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"66169503e8b4e558b90f64b8","name":"Michael J. 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How can prize-winning innovations reach a turning point that delivers a decisive gain for planetary health? The following is the rapporteur report of an expert discussion convened under the Chatham House rule. 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The author is a Villars Fellow."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1745930224/villars-institute/banner/geospatial_image__54399722403_9e245bc8eb_o_d6rbfj.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1745930224/villars-institute/banner/geospatial_image__54399722403_9e245bc8eb_o_d6rbfj.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1745930224/villars-institute/banner/geospatial_image__54399722403_9e245bc8eb_o_d6rbfj.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1745930224/villars-institute/banner/geospatial_image__54399722403_9e245bc8eb_o_d6rbfj.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1745930224/villars-institute/banner/geospatial_image__54399722403_9e245bc8eb_o_d6rbfj.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db51","name":"Dark Red","value":"#8C1815"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2025-06-13T09:22:49.83","taxonomyLabel":"Planetary Boundaries","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6810cbcf34279d2cbf773ad9","path":"/perspectives/turning-points-for-nature-harmful-subsidies-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"turning-points-for-nature-harmful-subsidies-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Turning Points for Nature: Harmful Subsidies – Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2025-06-13T09:22:49.83","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"6616a48ee8b4e558b90f6fa9","name":"Eimy Monroy Ospina","slug":"eimy-monroy-ospina","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/eimy-monroy-ospina","updated":"2025-08-30T21:33:19.11","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/eimy-monroy-ospina","title":"Eimy Monroy Ospina","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/eimy-monroy-ospina_photo__villars-11_kiizjs","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1715614241/villars-institute/person/eimy-monroy-ospina_photo__villars-11_kiizjs.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/eimy-monroy-ospina_photo__villars-11_kiizjs","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/eimy-monroy-ospina_photo__villars-11_kiizjs","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1715614241/villars-institute/person/eimy-monroy-ospina_photo__villars-11_kiizjs.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1715614241/villars-institute/person/eimy-monroy-ospina_photo__villars-11_kiizjs.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989843/villars-institute/banner/theme-planetary-health_image__theme-planetary-health.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99f","name":"Planetary Boundaries","slug":"planetary-boundaries"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"According to the  [IPBES Nexus Assessment](https://www.ipbes.net/nexus-assessment), $1.7 trillion is spent annually on public subsidies that damage biodiversity, distort trade, and overuse natural resources. How can the Villars community work together on harmful subsidies to reach a turning point that delivers a decisive gain for planetary health? The following is the rapporteur report of an expert discussion convened under the Chatham House rule. The author is a Villars Fellow."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1745930877/villars-institute/banner/subsidies_image__54399654334_5eea306d61_o_qc3leu.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1745930877/villars-institute/banner/subsidies_image__54399654334_5eea306d61_o_qc3leu.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1745930877/villars-institute/banner/subsidies_image__54399654334_5eea306d61_o_qc3leu.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1745930877/villars-institute/banner/subsidies_image__54399654334_5eea306d61_o_qc3leu.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1745930877/villars-institute/banner/subsidies_image__54399654334_5eea306d61_o_qc3leu.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db65","name":"Villars Blue","value":"#0673BE"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2025-06-13T09:21:31.08","taxonomyLabel":"Planetary Boundaries","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6810cdae34279d2cbf773ae6","path":"/perspectives/turning-points-for-nature-environmental-crime-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"turning-points-for-nature-environmental-crime-villars-rapporteur-report-1","name":"Turning Points for Nature: Environmental Crime – Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2025-06-13T09:21:31.08","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"66169503e8b4e558b90f64b8","name":"Michael J. 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How can the Villars community work together on environmental crime to reach a turning point that delivers a decisive gain for planetary health? The following is the rapporteur report of an expert discussion convened under the Chatham House rule. 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Everyone is asleep, yet it is still light. The sun never fully sets, hovering above the horizon and casting a pale, constant glow across the landscape. No voices, no engines, no movement. Nothing human interrupts the stillness. The silence is calm, but it feels unusual, almost unsettling. Not because something is wrong, but because there is nothing left to distract you from where you are. In that moment, scale becomes difficult to ignore. The environment feels vast and powerful, and at the same time fragile. You become aware of how small you are, not in a dramatic or threatening way, but as a simple fact.\n\nAlongside that realization comes another: what we do carries weight. Both are true at once. 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Technologies like rocket stoves and solar panels are more than technical innovations—they are lifelines that help villages reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve livelihoods, and strengthen resilience. By replacing traditional fuels such as firewood or kerosene, these tools directly cut carbon emissions while providing healthier, safer, and more sustainable ways to cook, heat, and power homes. \n\nYet meaningful change begins long before the first solar panel is mounted, or the first stove is lit. The most successful interventions start with listening—understanding how communities live, where the challenges lie, and what goals people have for their future. Identifying these “pain points,” such as the hours spent collecting firewood or the health risks of indoor smoke, ensures that the technology introduced responds to real, self-identified needs. When innovations grow from this foundation of understanding, they are more readily embraced, adapted, and sustained. \n\nThe impact extends beyond the technology itself. Adoption thrives through collaboration, local knowledge, and cultural integration. When people see tangible improvements—cleaner air, reduced expenses, light for studying at night, or energy to run small farms and businesses—the value of clean energy becomes undeniable. Change then spreads organically: one household’s success inspires others, multiplying the environmental and social benefits across entire villages. \n\n<ImageAsset id=\"6a1895a1bb6603ee725461bc\" />\n\nSystems thinking helps explain why these initiatives work. Rural communities are intricate networks of social, cultural, economic, and ecological relationships. Introducing renewable energy is not just about installing hardware—it’s about weaving technology into livelihoods in ways that respect traditions, build trust, and align with existing practices. \n\nEqually important is ensuring that the impact lasts. Long-term success comes from empowerment—training, education, and technical support that enable community members to operate, maintain, and repair their systems independently. When residents understand how their technology works, they become stewards of their own energy future. This sense of ownership turns one-time projects into enduring solutions. \n\nA recent expedition in the Himalayas illustrates this approach. During a high-altitude expedition, participants partnered with local villagers to install rocket stoves and solar microgrids in remote settlements. The technologies were chosen not because they were new, but because they addressed the communities’ own priorities: reducing firewood use, protecting local forests, and improving indoor air quality. Within a week of the expedition, the project reduced CO₂ emissions by nearly 99 tons. Looking ahead, these installations are projected to offset 1,480 tons of carbon by 2040, demonstrating how small, community-driven interventions can generate long-term environmental impact. More importantly, the systems continue to operate reliably because local residents were trained to maintain and repair them—proof that empowerment is the foundation of sustainable success. \n\nClean energy solutions bring a cascade of benefits: \n\n* Health improvements: Less indoor smoke means fewer respiratory illnesses. \n* Time and labor savings: Reduced firewood collection frees hours for education, farming, and entrepreneurship. \n* Economic opportunity: Reliable renewable energy creates pathways supporting agriculture and strengthening rural value chains. \n* Social cohesion and empowerment: Shared training and knowledge strengthen collaboration and leadership. \n\nThese local gains ripple outward, contributing to a global solution. By reducing dependence on biomass and fossil fuels, rural clean energy projects directly cut greenhouse gas emissions while uplifting quality of life. When replicated across regions, their cumulative effect becomes transformative showing that the power to slow climate change can emerge from the world’s most remote and resilient places. \n\nUltimately, green energy solutions show that the path to global climate progress runs through local action. 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We are good at statistics but not at stories. We are numbing the public with numbers, a public who, in order to be spurred to action, needs connections to places and people that resonate with them. To make these connections and start turning awareness into intent and finally into behaviour, we need a new narrative for nature. In this plenary session, attendees learnt how we, as changemakers from many diverse backgrounds and areas of expertise, can begin to connect the dots and create meaningful narratives for action. This session covered two primary questions: “Why do we need a new narrative for nature?” and “How can we achieve it?”, across two key audiences: the general public, whose convictions are the ultimate catalyst for change, and the decision-makers who must choose how to action the change that the public calls for.\n\nStatistics and progress reports have their place in the offices of policymakers: they are undeniably powerful tools to help politicians, economists and business leaders. However, the fact remains that most true action is galvanised by the hearts and minds of the people – decision-makers must act according to their feelings. Thus, we cannot overlook the overwhelming extent to which action is shaped by the prevailing narratives in our societies. In the eyes of the public, endless numbers and reports that track climate disasters serve only to create apathy and anxiety. Likewise, creating a new narrative around health – arguing that our livelihoods, wellbeing and survival are critically threatened by climate change – can only motivate people and decision-makers if the threat is perceived as imminent and urgent. We must realise that, in the current political climate, priority is given to preserving jobs, economic livelihoods and national security. These are therefore the stories we must share to spark motivation and action in both the public and decision-makers. One example is outdoor recreation – in the US in 2023, outdoor recreation generated $1.2 trillion in economic output (2.3% of the country’s GDP), comprising 3.1% of US employees. The jobs and livelihoods of the five million people employed by the outdoor recreation industry are all threatened by climate change. It is stories like this that need to be shared with decision-makers, so that they can take action based not just on morals, but on the livelihoods of their people. We need to lead with stories, choosing the right stories for our audience and the right messengers for those stories.\n\nThe overwhelming message we have broadcast to the public thus far has been “Isn’t nature great?”, with documentaries and films highlighting the beauty and wonder of nature. However, we are beginning to realise that this implicit messaging is no longer effective in creating the urgency and scale of solutions that are needed. We need not just to create an appreciation for nature, but an intent to protect and restore it. To create this change, we as storytellers must take on an active role, showing our audience how barriers can be dismantled and emphasising the motivators. It isn’t enough to simply tell stories; we must strategically consider our audience and emphasise the stories and storytellers that resonate with them, whether to create mass awareness, offer targeted solutions to select groups of decision-makers, or create platforms for peers to share narratives. As storytellers, we have a responsibility not just to write words and publish pictures, but rather to guide our audience through discovery, contemplation, preparation and action. We must show our audiences that nature is not just nice to have; it is absolutely vital.\n\nThe end of this session saw the unveiling of a new documentary produced by award-winning filmmakers Open Planet Studios in collaboration with the Villars Institute. In a whirlwind trip through diverse perspectives across the world, the film builds a powerful vision for the future – one where nature thrives, and so do we. The film is an example of exactly what the speakers described in the session: moving the right audiences with the right stories, told by the right storytellers."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782219640/villars-institute/banner/a-new-narrative-for-nature_image__55155576724_d06453dc4d_o_vgifvk.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782219640/villars-institute/banner/a-new-narrative-for-nature_image__55155576724_d06453dc4d_o_vgifvk.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782219640/villars-institute/banner/a-new-narrative-for-nature_image__55155576724_d06453dc4d_o_vgifvk.png"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782219640/villars-institute/banner/a-new-narrative-for-nature_image__55155576724_d06453dc4d_o_vgifvk.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782219640/villars-institute/banner/a-new-narrative-for-nature_image__55155576724_d06453dc4d_o_vgifvk.png"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5c","name":"Light Brown","value":"#AA9B8C"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-10-01T07:14:51.37","taxonomyLabel":"Nature Positive","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3a86efd246782032b7bfb7","path":"/perspectives/nature-as-infrastructure-rethinking-the-foundation-of-economic-prosperity-villars-rapporteur-report-villars-summit-2026","slug":"nature-as-infrastructure-rethinking-the-foundation-of-economic-prosperity-villars-rapporteur-report-villars-summit-2026","name":"Nature as Infrastructure: Rethinking the Foundation of Economic Prosperity : Villars Rapporteur Report | Villars Summit 2026","published":"2026-10-01T07:14:51.37","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"67cb162335b355aa60d8988e","name":"Laura Bürli","slug":"laura-burli","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/laura-burli","updated":"2026-08-27T13:21:55.05","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/laura-burli","title":"Laura Bürli","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/laura-burli_photo__Profile_Photo_ufqvhp","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1745845542/villars-institute/person/laura-burli_photo__Profile_Photo_ufqvhp.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/laura-burli_photo__Profile_Photo_ufqvhp","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/laura-burli_photo__Profile_Photo_ufqvhp","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1745845542/villars-institute/person/laura-burli_photo__Profile_Photo_ufqvhp.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1745845542/villars-institute/person/laura-burli_photo__Profile_Photo_ufqvhp.jpg"}}}}},{"id":"68011221d1dd045cb4ae18db","name":"Sarah Braun","slug":"sarah-braun","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/sarah-braun","updated":"2026-04-07T08:32:34.95","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/sarah-braun","title":"Sarah Braun","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/sarah-braun_photo__e70d4fc6-0852-4d7e-84f9-ba2f602ac632_h7ogsb","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1747493815/villars-institute/person/sarah-braun_photo__e70d4fc6-0852-4d7e-84f9-ba2f602ac632_h7ogsb.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/sarah-braun_photo__e70d4fc6-0852-4d7e-84f9-ba2f602ac632_h7ogsb","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/sarah-braun_photo__e70d4fc6-0852-4d7e-84f9-ba2f602ac632_h7ogsb","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1747493815/villars-institute/person/sarah-braun_photo__e70d4fc6-0852-4d7e-84f9-ba2f602ac632_h7ogsb.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1747493815/villars-institute/person/sarah-braun_photo__e70d4fc6-0852-4d7e-84f9-ba2f602ac632_h7ogsb.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989838/villars-institute/banner/theme-nature-based-solutions_image__theme-nature-based-solutions.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99d","name":"Nature Positive","slug":"nature-positive"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\n\nThe plenary session focused on the idea of “nature as infrastructure”, noting that 55% of global GDP is moderately to highly dependent on nature. This concept was presented as a way to shift the narrative and drive systemic change through regulation and capital markets, ultimately helping to rethink the foundations of economic prosperity. The discussion contextualised “nature as infrastructure” through several different perspectives to highlight its relevance.\n\nFrom a resilience perspective, nature-based solutions are often not considered infrastructure. As floods and other disasters become more frequent, public attention tends to focus on insurance and protection through more conventional forms of infrastructure. However, participants argued that nature-based solutions should also be recognised as infrastructure, particularly when they fulfil the same functions as many engineered protection strategies. For example, mangroves can provide flood mitigation in much the same way as seawalls, while also regenerating naturally and requiring far less maintenance. This was presented as one of many examples where nature can serve as infrastructure and, in some cases, already does. From the perspective of collections and data, museum collections can reveal biodiversity loss while also demonstrating areas where conservation efforts have been successful. Physical collections can be digitised and developed into infrastructure products that support both research and public understanding. Access to such data was presented as a form of information infrastructure and an example of nature functioning as infrastructure.\n\nFrom a capital markets perspective, assigning a monetary value to nature can help communicate its importance in terms familiar to investors and financial institutions. Focusing on risk illustrates why nature and biodiversity should be viewed as infrastructure. For example, wheat accounts for approximately 20% of global food consumption, yet only 19 varieties are commercially cultivated. This creates significant risk, including the possibility of widespread crop failure, with cascading impacts such as inflation and instability in financial markets. The discussion highlighted how the genetic diversity of crops, alongside ecosystem services such as pollination provided by bees, functions as critical infrastructure for resilience. From a social benefits perspective, nature contributes significantly to physical and mental wellbeing. As more than half of the global population now lives in urban environments, access to nature in cities is becoming increasingly important. Participants highlighted the National Education Nature Park programme in England, which has engaged more than 7,500 schools in nature-based activities. Data collected through the programme suggests improvements in school attendance, illustrating the educational, scientific, physical and mental health benefits that nature can provide.\n\nThe discussion concluded by recognising the importance of stabilising carbon dioxide levels in efforts to address climate change and conserve nature. However, participants argued that these goals ultimately depend on protecting nature itself, reinforcing the central idea that nature should be recognised as essential infrastructure.\n\n# Insights from the audience\nDuring the discussion, participants raised questions and reflections on how the concept of nature as infrastructure could be translated into practice. One concern focused on the inclusion of people who are directly affected by actions taken to drive systemic change. It was suggested that local communities must be actively listened to and involved in decision-making processes. Their close relationship with local ecosystems was seen as a valuable source of knowledge, and participants argued that achieving a broader shift in mental models requires recognising the cultural dimensions of environmental stewardship.\n\nAnother discussion focused on the types of regulation needed to encourage collaboration between governments and markets while fostering innovation. The “30 by 30” framework, which aims to protect 30% of the Earth's land and ocean area by 2030, was discussed as one example of how policy can help incentivise action. Participants suggested that highlighting the costs of inaction could encourage businesses to recognise nature as critical infrastructure worthy of protection.\n\nMore broadly, there was agreement that effective regulation can support innovation by providing clear parameters and reducing uncertainty. To successfully shift the narrative towards recognising nature as infrastructure, participants emphasised the importance of communicating in ways that resonate with decision-makers. This requires understanding the priorities, incentives and language of different audiences, ensuring that the value of nature can be understood not only in environmental terms but also in economic, social and strategic ones."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782220679/villars-institute/banner/x_image__55157697951_687b4997da_o_pqqp0s.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782220679/villars-institute/banner/x_image__55157697951_687b4997da_o_pqqp0s.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782220679/villars-institute/banner/x_image__55157697951_687b4997da_o_pqqp0s.png"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782220679/villars-institute/banner/x_image__55157697951_687b4997da_o_pqqp0s.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782220679/villars-institute/banner/x_image__55157697951_687b4997da_o_pqqp0s.png"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db4a","name":"Bottle 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View","authors":[{"id":"67cac57d3c02c668d5a4a64a","name":"Ana\tCastillo","slug":"ana-castillo","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/ana-castillo","updated":"2026-03-20T09:53:44.02","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/ana-castillo","title":"Ana\tCastillo","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/ana-castillo_photo__photo_villars_whloit","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1773773449/villars-institute/person/ana-castillo_photo__photo_villars_whloit.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/ana-castillo_photo__photo_villars_whloit","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/ana-castillo_photo__photo_villars_whloit","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1773773449/villars-institute/person/ana-castillo_photo__photo_villars_whloit.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1773773449/villars-institute/person/ana-castillo_photo__photo_villars_whloit.jpg"}}}}},{"id":"6618e1d88b719b4872545bbd","name":"Ada Cevrim","slug":"ada-cevrim","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/ada-cevrim","updated":"2026-04-07T08:33:33.58","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/ada-cevrim","title":"Ada Cevrim","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/ada-cevrim-rapporteur_photo__IMG_6003_qzsplt","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1774349827/villars-institute/person/ada-cevrim-rapporteur_photo__IMG_6003_qzsplt.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/ada-cevrim-rapporteur_photo__IMG_6003_qzsplt","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/ada-cevrim-rapporteur_photo__IMG_6003_qzsplt","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1774349827/villars-institute/person/ada-cevrim-rapporteur_photo__IMG_6003_qzsplt.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1774349827/villars-institute/person/ada-cevrim-rapporteur_photo__IMG_6003_qzsplt.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989838/villars-institute/banner/theme-nature-based-solutions_image__theme-nature-based-solutions.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99d","name":"Nature Positive","slug":"nature-positive"},{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668988800/villars-institute/banner/economy-bulgaria_thumbnail__Bulgaria_vlad-tchompalov-p_frCgea2Ho-unsplash_thumbnail.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"6a5ed577f8cbb1c81efc97dc","name":"How to Live on Earth","slug":"how-to-live-on-earth"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\nThe global food system as we know it poses a massive threat to our planet’s future.\n\nConvened under Chatham House rules, a panel of experts explored the concept of redefining food systems and transforming their extractive nature into a regenerative one that would benefit both people and the planet. Opening with a shared recognition of the urgency of this issue and the need for coordinated action, the discussion began by defining what is meant by food systems. Food systems refer to all actors, processes and infrastructure involved in producing food for people, from identifying land for cultivation to waste management.\n\nOur ability to predict what will happen is impressive, yet we have severely underestimated what those impacts will actually feel like on the ground when they affect us.\n\nAgriculture drives nearly 90% of global deforestation and accounts for over 70% of freshwater use, placing immense pressure on planetary boundaries. Experts argued that turning things around requires redesigning how food is produced. Improving current farming methods means shifting towards regenerative agriculture to make farming more sustainable, resilient, efficient and nutritious.\n\nWe have already lost 75% of the species we consume and 90% of the genetic diversity within those species. A collapse similar to the Irish potato famine would have catastrophic consequences not only for agriculture, but also for the global economy. Further loss is something neither people nor the planet can afford. Increasing diversity in agriculture is also key to attracting capital, as diverse systems reduce risk for both investors and farmers.\n\nDespite spending around seven months each year working long hours, often waking as early as 3 a.m. under increasingly volatile climate conditions, many of the people responsible for sustaining this system—the farmers—are among the least rewarded. Many farmers fall within lower- to middle-income brackets and cannot afford the transition required, especially when short-term yields may decline.\n\nThe change required must come from the financial system and capital markets. Better production means providing farmers with better technology capable of making agriculture significantly more sustainable. Growers should be rewarded, with investor capital directed towards reducing the risks they take when transitioning to new practices. Farmers also need to be placed at the centre of decision-making and be able to advocate for themselves throughout the process.\n\nWhat is clear is that the narrative must change. Whatever we are doing right now is clearly not working. Change is urgently needed, and collaboration across all sectors is fundamental if that change is to succeed. If we are going to make the changes needed to sustain both ourselves and the environment, there is no path forward that will not appear radical by today’s standards. We must bring together perspectives from across sectors and direct capital towards supporting farmers, who currently bear many of the costs of transition. Finally, we must invest in the next generation by not only enabling young people to dream, but also by creating the conditions that allow those dreams to flourish.\n\n# Insights from the audience\n\nAs the session had been delayed, only a limited number of questions could be asked. Most sought clarification on points raised by individual speakers. This led to a concluding discussion in which each speaker summarised their key takeaway, helping to reinforce and connect the main themes of the session and providing greater clarity on the issues discussed."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782220935/villars-institute/banner/x-1_image__55157939474_4ee8f3c635_o_j3auua.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782220935/villars-institute/banner/x-1_image__55157939474_4ee8f3c635_o_j3auua.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782220935/villars-institute/banner/x-1_image__55157939474_4ee8f3c635_o_j3auua.png"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782220935/villars-institute/banner/x-1_image__55157939474_4ee8f3c635_o_j3auua.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782220935/villars-institute/banner/x-1_image__55157939474_4ee8f3c635_o_j3auua.png"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db4a","name":"Bottle Green","value":"#4A7D49"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-06-23T13:41:07.62","taxonomyLabel":"Emerging Technologies","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3a8cf3d246782032b7bfdb","path":"/perspectives/rethinking-the-climate-energy-landscape-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"rethinking-the-climate-energy-landscape-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Rethinking the Climate & Energy Landscape: Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-06-23T13:41:07.62","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"65d547fed5bcca2bcbc9ea5e","name":"Mathis Lecomte","slug":"mathis-lecomte","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/mathis-lecomte","updated":"2026-04-07T08:35:05.14","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/mathis-lecomte","title":"Mathis Lecomte","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/mathis-lecomte_photo___VG_8222-4_mutlqj","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1771595134/villars-institute/person/mathis-lecomte_photo___VG_8222-4_mutlqj.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/mathis-lecomte_photo___VG_8222-4_mutlqj","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/mathis-lecomte_photo___VG_8222-4_mutlqj","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1771595134/villars-institute/person/mathis-lecomte_photo___VG_8222-4_mutlqj.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1771595134/villars-institute/person/mathis-lecomte_photo___VG_8222-4_mutlqj.png"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989832/villars-institute/banner/theme-emerging-technologies_image__theme-emerging-technologies.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99b","name":"Emerging Technologies","slug":"emerging-technologies"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\nThis session explored the current climate and energy landscape at a moment of deep contradiction: low-carbon electricity is expanding, yet emissions remain stubbornly high, energy demand continues to rise, and political momentum is increasingly uneven. The discussion opened with the argument that any serious rethinking of the energy transition must be grounded not only in decarbonization goals, but also in energy security, affordability and productivity. Clean energy was framed not simply as an environmental necessity, but as a foundation for economic resilience, public health and social stability.\n\nOne line of discussion focused on the long-term role of advanced energy technologies, especially fusion. An expert in the field argued that while renewables are essential, they may not alone provide the level of energy density required for an increasingly electrified world. Fusion was presented as a potentially transformative source of near-limitless low-carbon energy, with major implications for industry, ports, hydrogen production and future urban systems. At the same time, the speaker stressed realism over hype: fusion is not an immediate fix, and the path to commercial deployment depends on solving formidable engineering, supply chain and reliability challenges. The overall message was that some climate solutions require long time horizons and sustained public commitment, even when their benefits will not be realised immediately.\n\nA second perspective emphasised that the transition is already being accelerated by positive tipping points. As clean technologies scale, they become cheaper, more accessible and more attractive, creating self-reinforcing feedback loops. Examples discussed included electric vehicles, battery storage and solar power, all of which have benefited from steep cost declines and performance gains. In this view, the key question is not whether change is possible, but how to bring tipping points forward through effective policy and market design. Government mandates, phase-out signals and targeted incentives were described as more powerful than simply taxing incumbent fossil systems, because they help create confidence, shift investment and accelerate learning curves.\n\nA third strand brought the discussion back to present-day market realities. The transition was described as neither dead nor fully thriving, but in a more fragile and politically contested phase. Investment continues to flow, though with less momentum than in previous years, while China was repeatedly cited as a major driver of industrial-scale progress across renewables, nuclear and electrification. At the same time, speakers stressed that rising electricity demand, especially from digital infrastructure such as data centres, is putting new pressure on grids and increasing the need for flexible, reliable and resilient systems. The broader conclusion was that the transition is underway, but it will only succeed if technological progress is matched by infrastructure build-out, strategic planning and stronger societal support.\n\n# Insights from the audience\n\nThe discussion with participants added an important layer of realism and social context to the session. A recurring theme was that the energy transition will not advance through technology and economics alone. Even when low-carbon solutions become cheaper or more efficient, uptake still depends on whether consumers trust them, whether communities see tangible benefits and whether governments design policies that protect vulnerable groups. Participants repeatedly returned to the importance of affordability and attractiveness, noting that people are unlikely to support change if it is experienced primarily as sacrifice, cost or exclusion.\n\nSeveral participants highlighted the importance of policy design in building public legitimacy. Examples discussed included local benefit-sharing models for wind energy and incentives for renewable heating, both of which show that opposition can be reduced when communities directly share in the economic gains of the transition. Rather than framing climate action only in terms of restrictions or future necessity, the audience emphasised the value of policies that make the benefits visible in daily life through lower costs, improved livelihoods, healthier environments and renewed local pride. This was especially relevant in regions undergoing industrial change, where former fossil-based communities may be more willing to support transition pathways if they are offered a meaningful role in them.\n\nParticipants also broadened the scope of the conversation by reintroducing nature, justice and geography. Some pointed out that the transition cannot be evaluated only through the lens of carbon and markets; it must also consider biodiversity, land use and ecological restoration. The group noted that renewable infrastructure should be deployed in ways that minimise harm and, where possible, create co-benefits for ecosystems, such as siting projects on degraded land or designing infrastructure that can support biodiversity. Others stressed that the conversation must extend beyond Europe and North America. A just transition must serve the Global South, expand access to affordable energy and avoid reproducing patterns of exclusion, dependency or unequal benefit-sharing.\n\nFinally, the audience underscored the importance of long-term thinking, education and public narrative. Participants observed that the transition is both a technical and cultural project: it requires grids, storage and new energy systems, but it also requires people to understand why these shifts matter and how they connect to a prosperous future. Education, especially at an early age, was seen as a powerful enabler of durable change. Overall, the group’s contribution sharpened the session’s core message: the climate and energy transition is possible, but only if it is made credible, inclusive and visibly beneficial across societies."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782221981/villars-institute/banner/x-2_image__55156105942_f7b04a0821_o_nplzko.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782221981/villars-institute/banner/x-2_image__55156105942_f7b04a0821_o_nplzko.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782221981/villars-institute/banner/x-2_image__55156105942_f7b04a0821_o_nplzko.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782221981/villars-institute/banner/x-2_image__55156105942_f7b04a0821_o_nplzko.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782221981/villars-institute/banner/x-2_image__55156105942_f7b04a0821_o_nplzko.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db51","name":"Dark Red","value":"#8C1815"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-06-23T13:55:06.29","taxonomyLabel":"Nature Positive","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3a8ffad246782032b7bfe8","path":"/perspectives/rethinking-the-biodiversity-nature-landscape-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"rethinking-the-biodiversity-nature-landscape-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Rethinking the Biodiversity & Nature Landscape: Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-06-23T13:55:06.29","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"67cac43e3c02c668d5a4a5e0","name":"Shraddha Karsh","slug":"shraddha-karsh","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/shraddha-karsh","updated":"2026-05-28T16:38:31.39","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/shraddha-karsh","title":"Shraddha Karsh","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/shraddha-karsh_photo__IMG_20260312_184613_nnclgu","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1773340626/villars-institute/person/shraddha-karsh_photo__IMG_20260312_184613_nnclgu.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/shraddha-karsh_photo__IMG_20260312_184613_nnclgu","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/shraddha-karsh_photo__IMG_20260312_184613_nnclgu","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1773340626/villars-institute/person/shraddha-karsh_photo__IMG_20260312_184613_nnclgu.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1773340626/villars-institute/person/shraddha-karsh_photo__IMG_20260312_184613_nnclgu.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989838/villars-institute/banner/theme-nature-based-solutions_image__theme-nature-based-solutions.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99d","name":"Nature Positive","slug":"nature-positive"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"A landmark 2026 IPBES Business and Biodiversity Assessment reveals that biodiversity loss is now a systemic risk to the global economy – with an estimated US$7.3 trillion flowing into nature-negative activities in 2023, and fewer than 1% of public companies reporting on biodiversity impacts. "},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782222782/villars-institute/banner/x-3_image__55158338481_6c035e099e_o_sfjctr.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782222782/villars-institute/banner/x-3_image__55158338481_6c035e099e_o_sfjctr.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782222782/villars-institute/banner/x-3_image__55158338481_6c035e099e_o_sfjctr.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782222782/villars-institute/banner/x-3_image__55158338481_6c035e099e_o_sfjctr.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782222782/villars-institute/banner/x-3_image__55158338481_6c035e099e_o_sfjctr.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db4a","name":"Bottle Green","value":"#4A7D49"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-06-23T13:59:30.20","taxonomyLabel":"Systems Leadership","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3a9142d246782032b7bffa","path":"/perspectives/rethinking-the-sustainability-esg-landscape-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"rethinking-the-sustainability-esg-landscape-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Rethinking the Sustainability & ESG Landscape: Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-06-23T13:59:30.20","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"65d547fdd5bcca2bcbc9e78e","name":"Anais Javelle","slug":"anais-javelle","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/anais-javelle","updated":"2026-05-19T13:54:02.17","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/anais-javelle","title":"Anais Javelle","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/anais-javelle_photo__0_v8usuo","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1762507059/villars-institute/person/anais-javelle_photo__0_v8usuo.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/anais-javelle_photo__0_v8usuo","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/anais-javelle_photo__0_v8usuo","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1762507059/villars-institute/person/anais-javelle_photo__0_v8usuo.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1762507059/villars-institute/person/anais-javelle_photo__0_v8usuo.png"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989845/villars-institute/banner/theme-systems-leadership_image__theme-systems-leadership.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d9a0","name":"Systems Leadership","slug":"systems-leadership"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"The session “Rethinking the Sustainability & ESG Landscape” unfolded as a dynamic and unusually candid conversation, shaped by its deliberately deconstructed format. Rather than a sequence of formal presentations, the discussion moved fluidly between expert interventions and audience reactions, creating a space where ideas were challenged, reframed and expanded collaboratively."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782223043/villars-institute/banner/x-4_image__55157438552_c948573983_o_lgzacd.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782223043/villars-institute/banner/x-4_image__55157438552_c948573983_o_lgzacd.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782223043/villars-institute/banner/x-4_image__55157438552_c948573983_o_lgzacd.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782223043/villars-institute/banner/x-4_image__55157438552_c948573983_o_lgzacd.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782223043/villars-institute/banner/x-4_image__55157438552_c948573983_o_lgzacd.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5c","name":"Light Brown","value":"#AA9B8C"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-06-23T14:04:55.76","taxonomyLabel":"Systems Leadership","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3a9287d246782032b7c006","path":"/perspectives/rethinking-the-economic-financial-landscape-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"rethinking-the-economic-financial-landscape-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Rethinking the Economic & Financial Landscape: Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-06-23T14:04:55.76","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"65d547fdd5bcca2bcbc9e8cf","name":"Finlay Hamilton","slug":"finlay-hamilton","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/finlay-hamilton","updated":"2026-08-28T12:53:06.87","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/finlay-hamilton","title":"Finlay Hamilton","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/finlay-hamilton_photo__edit5_uvkbaa","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1756064018/villars-institute/person/finlay-hamilton_photo__edit5_uvkbaa.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/finlay-hamilton_photo__edit5_uvkbaa","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/finlay-hamilton_photo__edit5_uvkbaa","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1756064018/villars-institute/person/finlay-hamilton_photo__edit5_uvkbaa.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1756064018/villars-institute/person/finlay-hamilton_photo__edit5_uvkbaa.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989845/villars-institute/banner/theme-systems-leadership_image__theme-systems-leadership.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d9a0","name":"Systems Leadership","slug":"systems-leadership"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\nGiven increasing geopolitical instability and pushback against international climate action, the first key theme to emerge revolved around “leveraging bad intentions for our collective benefit.” Participants emphasised the potential for the current erosion of the post-war global financial architecture to become an “exciting time of change and disruption.” With a shift away from investment in the U.S., as its technological advantage is perceived to be eroding and its risk profile changing, there is an opportunity for diversification into green and emerging markets.\n\nUp to now, global capital has been constrained by systemic passivity, but this “tyranny of the tracking error” is beginning to shift. To illustrate the harmful biases that need to be addressed, it was noted that the MSCI World performed better over the past decade when fossil fuel investments were excluded. While the risks associated with reliance on fossil fuels have again been exposed by the war in Iran, the green economy’s performance has remained resilient across multiple shocks. In fact, green energy has consistently performed alongside, and now outstrips, fossil fuels despite the latter being heavily subsidised. Moreover, the green economy already represents the fourth-largest sector and has seen growth exceeded only by technology, which itself is driven by a relatively small number of companies and may therefore lack resilience. The overall message was that the green transition is already underway, is financially compelling, and that prevailing biases suggesting otherwise need to be challenged. The discussion also highlighted the need for a course correction from a political economy perspective. As net zero is increasingly framed as a “woke left policy” rather than a matter of physics and economic common sense, this suggests a failure to communicate its urgency and relevance in ways that resonate with people's everyday lives. Relatedly, the growing climate refugee crisis was identified as an increasingly significant issue.\n\nA further call for adjustment concerned the approach taken to developing and implementing solutions. Attempting to apply political processes directly to markets does not always prove effective, and participants suggested instead leveraging the discipline, incentives and value-chain mapping capabilities of the financial sector to guide more targeted efforts across sectors and jurisdictions. There was also a call for greater reflection in identifying and prioritising successful approaches, with the UK’s Biodiversity Net Gain legislation discussed as one example. Another necessary shift lies in addressing the “proposition problem” within the climate and nature space. Complex frameworks and taxonomies can lead to paralysis rather than progress, as they often fail to attract large-scale public and private investment. Many worthwhile projects remain too small to engage major investors, influence finance ministries or shape national debate. As a result, there is a need for compelling, large-scale and politically relevant propositions that clearly define the problem, delivery mechanism and funding model, and that are supported by communities. One example discussed was a hypothetical national programme combining habitat restoration and engineering to address coastal erosion in the UK. Participants argued that effort and resources would be better spent systematically developing a pipeline of such propositions worldwide.\n\n# Insights from the audience\nAudience reflections reinforced the idea of leveraging bad intentions for collective benefit, particularly through discussion of the opportunities presented by the war in Iran, which was described as “Asia’s Russian invasion of Ukraine moment.” With volatile energy prices and greater insecurity, participants suggested that the crisis demands a response to public fear and uncertainty through viable, financially attractive sustainable alternatives that connect nature with economic security. However, it was also noted that in some places the communications battle is at risk of being lost, as certain interest groups continue to advocate for renewed domestic fossil fuel production. As one participant observed, “we are in serious danger of wasting a good crisis.” Similarly, the idea emerged of leveraging concerns about overexposure to U.S. investments, for example through pension funds, to promote nature-positive alternatives. One proposal discussed was “citizens’ investment”, whereby large-scale local, regional or national infrastructure projects are financed from the bottom up. These “green bricks” could become a meaningful source of capital, similar to remittances, while also strengthening democratic resilience.\n\nFinally, the need to decentralise and diversify risk in order to increase resilience was raised repeatedly. Participants also observed that while efforts are underway to build a global market for nature and climate, there is not yet a reliable system to measure, structure or govern it in the same way as financial markets. This was identified as an area where governments have a critical role to play."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782223389/villars-institute/banner/c_image__55158339646_f18195e698_o_vtbzzq.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782223389/villars-institute/banner/c_image__55158339646_f18195e698_o_vtbzzq.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782223389/villars-institute/banner/c_image__55158339646_f18195e698_o_vtbzzq.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782223389/villars-institute/banner/c_image__55158339646_f18195e698_o_vtbzzq.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782223389/villars-institute/banner/c_image__55158339646_f18195e698_o_vtbzzq.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5c","name":"Light Brown","value":"#AA9B8C"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-10-01T07:15:10.71","taxonomyLabel":"Planetary Boundaries","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3a9374d246782032b7c012","path":"/perspectives/nature-on-the-balance-sheet-redefining-corporate-value-villars-rapporteur-report-villars-summit-2026","slug":"nature-on-the-balance-sheet-redefining-corporate-value-villars-rapporteur-report-villars-summit-2026","name":"Nature on the Balance Sheet: Redefining Corporate Value: Villars Rapporteur Report | Villars Summit 2026","published":"2026-10-01T07:15:10.71","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"66169503e8b4e558b90f64b8","name":"Michael J. 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Since our financial system values gold more highly than it does the rainforest, there is an incentive to extract gold from the ground (often using harmful methods such as mercury leaching) and place it in vaults. The individuals taking part in this are not inherently at fault. Rather, it is the system that incentivises well-intentioned actors to make harmful decisions.\n\nThe idea of putting nature on the balance sheet is relatively simple: if living systems can be priced, it becomes possible to quantify the value of the natural world to the human economy. By expressing this value numerically on corporate balance sheets, rewarding and incentivising actions that protect and expand natural capital becomes feasible. One speaker kicked off the discussion by immediately putting the key challenge into perspective: if biodiversity is our metric for nature, the core issue is that we do not yet have a mechanism to value life. Commodified products of nature are assigned value—for example, cut trees are valued according to the weight of their timber. However, a living tree is worth more because of the ecosystem services it provides, such as clean air, fresh water and habitat. Understanding how to measure this type of value is key to protecting the natural environment. As one speaker noted, our mismanagement of the planet ultimately stems from the fact that we do not value it enough.\n\nUnderstanding how the current status quo is shaped by the financial system is key to considering potential courses of action. One speaker from the banking industry noted that changing the system from within is difficult because current regulatory incentives encourage financial institutions to prioritise safe, high-cash-flow assets. As a result, actors within the system often need to be convinced individually rather than through a single “blanket” solution. The message from engaged institutions to corporates has increasingly become one of requesting financial incentives to reduce the intrinsic penalties associated with engaging with nature under the current framework. Another significant challenge, mentioned by multiple speakers, is the belief that models placing nature on the balance sheet simply will not work. It is still a relatively new idea to consider nature as an investable asset. Financially minded individuals often struggle with this concept because nature is not a company and does not generate annual recurring revenue or cash flow. As a result, valuation is less straightforward than it is for traditional financial assets.\n\nInterestingly, one speaker mentioned that gold provides a useful comparison. Society values gold for its properties and therefore treats it as an investable asset because there is a collective belief that it has intrinsic value. This enables markets to assign it financial value. The speaker argued that by applying similar logic to nature, it may be possible to create a “buy and sell” market that allows direct investment through a fiscal mechanism known as Natural Asset Corporations (NACs). In this model, large landowners place ecosystem services into a corporation, generating carbon and ecosystem-service revenues as returns. One speaker highlighted an innovative model being implemented in Brazil that combines equity, debt and credits to improve outcomes.\n\nBeyond the financial system, speakers argued that other levers must also be considered. One anecdote from New Zealand described a group of major international conservation organisations choosing to subordinate their individual brands to a higher cause, working together to explore how nature can become an investable asset class. The speaker suggested that beyond business and entrepreneurship, a broader cultural shift is required—one that reconsiders humanity’s relationship with nature and how much it is valued. According to the panel, halting nature loss beyond 2030 requires not only incorporating nature into decision-making, but also carefully considering impacts on social, natural and human capital in order to maximise inclusive prosperity.\n\n# Insights from the audience\nGlobal crude oil production and use exceed 105 million barrels per day. In response to growing energy demands, many multinational oil companies are beginning to invest in cleaner forms of energy to power their operations. One audience member questioned the role these companies play in the energy transition, asking whether investing in such companies could support broader progress given that step-by-step change may be more realistic than immediate transformation. Panel responses suggested that consumer demand for cleaner energy and more sustainable practices has indeed increased, although no definitive position emerged from the discussion.\n\nAnother point raised concerned adjusting pricing according to sustainability metrics. With carbon prices in the EU sitting at around €80 per tonne, the panel suggested that shares may possess stronger financial characteristics than credits as an investment instrument. It was argued that bundling assets can improve the financial properties of investments. If companies were required to internalise environmental costs, these costs would be reflected in the prices of goods and services. Consumers, in turn, would be able to make more informed decisions about the companies they choose to support."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782223631/villars-institute/banner/c-1_image__55157697931_68fa862490_o_dqpyf0.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782223631/villars-institute/banner/c-1_image__55157697931_68fa862490_o_dqpyf0.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782223631/villars-institute/banner/c-1_image__55157697931_68fa862490_o_dqpyf0.png"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782223631/villars-institute/banner/c-1_image__55157697931_68fa862490_o_dqpyf0.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782223631/villars-institute/banner/c-1_image__55157697931_68fa862490_o_dqpyf0.png"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db65","name":"Villars Blue","value":"#0673BE"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-10-01T07:15:46.91","taxonomyLabel":"Planetary Boundaries","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3b8c8363ef87145d779b35","path":"/perspectives/ocean-stewardship-in-a-changing-world-villars-rapporteur-report-villars-summit-2026","slug":"ocean-stewardship-in-a-changing-world-villars-rapporteur-report-villars-summit-2026","name":"Ocean Stewardship in a Changing World: Villars Rapporteur Report | Villars Summit 2026","published":"2026-10-01T07:15:46.91","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"65d547fed5bcca2bcbc9eb89","name":"Sofiia Martianova","slug":"sofiia-martianova","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/sofiia-martianova","updated":"2026-04-07T08:35:40.16","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/sofiia-martianova","title":"Sofiia Martianova","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/sofiia-martianova_photo__IMG_4084_kcdbh3","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668990957/villars-institute/person/sofiia-martianova_photo__IMG_4084_kcdbh3.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/sofiia-martianova_photo__IMG_4084_kcdbh3","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/sofiia-martianova_photo__IMG_4084_kcdbh3","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1668990957/villars-institute/person/sofiia-martianova_photo__IMG_4084_kcdbh3.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1668990957/villars-institute/person/sofiia-martianova_photo__IMG_4084_kcdbh3.jpg"}}}}},{"id":"67cb084235b355aa60d87941","name":"Anish Navaratnam","slug":"anish-navaratnam","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/anish-navaratnam","updated":"2026-06-08T08:02:50.37","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/anish-navaratnam","title":"Anish Navaratnam","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/anish-navaratnam_photo__1779738559169_qziwky","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1780664665/villars-institute/person/anish-navaratnam_photo__1779738559169_qziwky.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/anish-navaratnam_photo__1779738559169_qziwky","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/anish-navaratnam_photo__1779738559169_qziwky","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1780664665/villars-institute/person/anish-navaratnam_photo__1779738559169_qziwky.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1780664665/villars-institute/person/anish-navaratnam_photo__1779738559169_qziwky.png"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989843/villars-institute/banner/theme-planetary-health_image__theme-planetary-health.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99f","name":"Planetary Boundaries","slug":"planetary-boundaries"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"The central question of the panel was: What will it take to build ocean resilience by 2030? The discussion was urgent and forward-looking, asking where the world must direct its energy over the next five years and what must fundamentally change to get there. The session focused on the need to accelerate action for ocean conservation, particularly in light of global targets such as protecting 30% of the ocean by 2030. A central idea was that, despite progress and promising initiatives, current efforts are not advancing fast enough to meet these goals. This gap between ambition and action was a recurring theme throughout the discussion. One panelist opened with a structural analysis. To achieve the targets set for 2030, five shifts are essential. First, society must honestly examine the sources of ocean degradation. Second, there is a need to redefine what is considered good and desirable, including shifting cultural norms around consumption and extraction. Third, the problem must be simplified so that it becomes genuinely actionable for policymakers and the public. Fourth, buffer zone protections must be established around the High Seas areas most critical to marine biodiversity. Fifth, the main narrative must shift from scarcity to growth and renewal. There are renewable resources, and there are places in the world where meaningful progress can happen quickly if the right conditions are put in place. This approach emphasised that large-scale environmental challenges require clear frameworks and measurable targets, supported by both policy and economic incentives. Alongside this, there was a call to rethink economic systems, shifting from models focused purely on growth toward those that better reflect long-term ecological value and sustainability. Another speaker placed the crisis in its broadest context. We are living on a rapidly changing planet where everything is accelerating, and responding to a systems-level problem demands systems-level solutions, which in turn require more science, not less. Environmental challenges were described as deeply interconnected and complex, requiring multidisciplinary collaboration across science, finance, storytelling, and governance. Solutions must address the broader system. The role of storytelling and communication was also strongly emphasised. Science alone is insufficient. The session highlighted the power of simplicity, which is the ability to turn complex realities into messages that move people. Translating complex scientific data into clear, compelling narratives was identified as one of the most effective ways to inspire action. Telling the story well is as important as understanding it technically. Simple, relatable stories were seen as more impactful than technical explanations alone.\n\nOne speaker pointed out that the ocean regulates climate, produces oxygen, and sustains biodiversity, yet remains poorly understood and undervalued. The ocean is central to human survival, and we must not take it for granted. Despite living in the most scientifically advanced century in human history, humanity remains largely ignorant of the deep: “The deeper we go, the less we know.” An interesting contrast was drawn between human behaviour and that of whales, a species that does not destroy its inheritance. Humans, by contrast, nearly hunted whales to extinction while congratulating themselves for replanting forests on land. The ocean has received no equivalent attention. There was a strong call to shift human attitudes from viewing the ocean as an inexhaustible resource to recognising it as a fragile, interconnected system essential to survival. If the transition from decline to growth is to be taken seriously, it must begin with protecting what remains, starting with meaningful High Seas regulation. The biggest opportunity available to humanity right now is the ocean, and the most urgent task is changing how people think about it. b) Insights from the Audience One key concern was how to address actors whose activities continue to harm marine ecosystems. Participants noted that while progress has been made in some areas, harmful practices persist, raising the question of how to effectively challenge and change such behaviours. The speakers were asked what single obstacle they would most want removed. A shared concern emerged: the majority of people do not yet understand the stakes. This includes both direct accountability and broader strategies such as engagement, dialogue, and policy reform. Two contrasting views were presented. One favoured persuasion over exclusion, arguing that destructive actors should be brought to the table and redirected rather than shut out. The other was more direct, suggesting that the fear of naming harmful behaviour is itself part of the problem, and that broken political systems must be confronted before institutional trust can be restored. Another major theme was the challenge of trust in science and communication. Participants observed that credibility can no longer be taken for granted, particularly in an era where information is widely accessible and often contested. This creates a need for scientists and communicators to engage more openly, clearly, and consistently with the public. The importance of public awareness and perception emerged as a critical barrier. One speaker called for a shift in public consciousness, away from the assumption that we can extract everything, everywhere, all at once, without consequence. Many people do not fully understand the urgency of ocean degradation or its direct impact on human well-being. Another key idea was that many people simply do not know why they should care. This lack of awareness contributes to complacency and slows collective action. There was also discussion around the role of inclusivity and collaboration. Engaging diverse stakeholders was seen as essential for creating lasting solutions. In particular, incorporating local and traditional knowledge alongside scientific expertise was identified as a valuable approach.\n\nFinally, participants noted that complexity itself can be a barrier. Environmental challenges are often difficult to understand and prioritise, which can lead to inaction. Simplifying messages without losing accuracy, and setting clear, actionable goals, were seen as key to overcoming this. The session closed with a call for honesty, inspiration, and plain language. The knowledge exists; the task is to share it in ways that reach everyone. Change is possible, but it begins with each person reconnecting with and honestly understanding the state of the world, then deciding what they are personally willing to do. “We can change if we come together.”"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782287389/villars-institute/banner/x-5_image__55157697966_d29cb5880a_o_tbo5ub.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782287389/villars-institute/banner/x-5_image__55157697966_d29cb5880a_o_tbo5ub.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782287389/villars-institute/banner/x-5_image__55157697966_d29cb5880a_o_tbo5ub.png"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782287389/villars-institute/banner/x-5_image__55157697966_d29cb5880a_o_tbo5ub.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782287389/villars-institute/banner/x-5_image__55157697966_d29cb5880a_o_tbo5ub.png"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db65","name":"Villars Blue","value":"#0673BE"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-06-24T08:03:09.85","taxonomyLabel":"Net-Zero Emissions","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3b8df563ef87145d779b42","path":"/perspectives/turning-points-for-nature-redirecting-private-capital-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"turning-points-for-nature-redirecting-private-capital-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Turning Points for Nature: Redirecting Private Capital: Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-06-24T08:03:09.85","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"66169551e8b4e558b90f64ed","name":"Miglia Garbers","slug":"miglia-garbers","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/miglia-garbers","updated":"2026-09-21T16:55:48.61","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/miglia-garbers","title":"Miglia Garbers","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/miglia-garbers-rapporteur_photo__cf042934-b06c-4e5d-a909-f0cdb0e73999_w2lpm2","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1773398493/villars-institute/person/miglia-garbers-rapporteur_photo__cf042934-b06c-4e5d-a909-f0cdb0e73999_w2lpm2.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/miglia-garbers-rapporteur_photo__cf042934-b06c-4e5d-a909-f0cdb0e73999_w2lpm2","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/miglia-garbers-rapporteur_photo__cf042934-b06c-4e5d-a909-f0cdb0e73999_w2lpm2","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1773398493/villars-institute/person/miglia-garbers-rapporteur_photo__cf042934-b06c-4e5d-a909-f0cdb0e73999_w2lpm2.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1773398493/villars-institute/person/miglia-garbers-rapporteur_photo__cf042934-b06c-4e5d-a909-f0cdb0e73999_w2lpm2.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989840/villars-institute/banner/theme-net-zero-economy_image__theme-net-zero-economy.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99e","name":"Net-Zero Emissions","slug":"net-zero-emissions"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\nThere is so much talk around investing in nature-positive solutions, but why does the majority of capital still flow in the opposite direction? The discussion of “Redirecting Private Capital” centred on the structural misallocation of global capital, emphasising that there is not a lack of capital, but an issue with how it is currently allocated. Despite growing interest in sustainable finance, our speakers highlighted a 30:1 imbalance in capital flows, with 7.3 trillion directed to negative causes and only 220 billion to positive solutions. The central question was: “How do we direct capital at scale?” A key explanation offered by one of our speakers as to why capital is not flowing is that nature is still not properly priced within our financial systems. It was highlighted that the barrier lies in capital flow into demand, reliable price signals and market liquidity, which are aspects that nature-related systems often lack, reinforcing the absence of capital flow. As a result, this creates a dangerous cycle where capital flows into nature-negative activities that harm the environment, not because investors do not want to support nature, but because the reward is not consistent.\n\nIn our current system for financing nature, we hear a lot of discussion around carbon markets, and our speakers addressed both the limitations and strengths that come with such a high-demand market. They provide a guide for pricing environmental impact and have picked up momentum. However, markets like these face constant challenges, such as credibility, action when an ecosystem is already under threat, measurement challenges and how reactive these markets can be. In response, our speakers emphasised the need to apply transition finance principles and to start shifting away from smaller, project-based work towards system-level change, to gradually change the direction of the strong current of capital flow. This leads us to ask what a real turning point would look like. How do we encourage private capital to flow into a system that takes nature into account rather than degrading it? We discussed a range of options, and our speakers suggested the ultimate shift would occur when nature is valued as a long-term system worth investing in, rather than as a small sustainability issue. To reach this goal, we would need more than just investment, but also a restructuring of how finance itself operates. This involves blended finance models to integrate private, public and catalytic capital, projects with predictable outcomes and revenue streams, and the use of policy frameworks to create consistent demand. The turning point will be when investing in nature becomes a reliable financial choice, rather than one driven primarily by values.\n\n# Insights from the audience\n\nParticipants in the audience raised questions challenging some of the ideas presented, especially regarding how reliable these market-based solutions are. Comparisons were made to rapidly scaling financial systems such as cryptocurrencies, and whether those ideas could also be applied to nature. This led to a broader ethical discussion about how nature can be monetised while still being protected. The conversation was less technical and more value-driven, raising concerns about how we can invest in the very systems we are trying to protect.\n\nMoving beyond these broader concepts, there were also challenges related to implementation. One key issue was the geographic misallocation of capital, where investment does not always flow to the most critical ecosystems, with funding often directed towards lower-risk regions rather than where it is most needed. Another theme was how the system tends to focus on ecosystems that have already been restored, rather than investing in their protection beforehand, reflecting a structural issue in existing markets. Looking ahead, there were many unresolved questions and concerns, highlighting both the complexity of the issue and the strong interest in redirecting capital towards nature. There is a challenge in balancing risk and return, particularly when considering early-stage investments, and a tendency to invest in markets that are already proven, rather than taking proactive approaches. There was a shared uncertainty around how to create effective incentives, who should take on early risk, and why. This led to broader questions about whether existing financial systems, such as carbon markets, can evolve or be replaced. While there is increasing clarity around the problem, uncertainty continues to hold back large-scale investment.\n\nUltimately, the discussion concluded with the recognition that redirecting capital towards nature is not only a technical challenge, but also a systemic one. It requires a shift in how risk, value and responsibility are understood and communicated across the financial system."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782287743/villars-institute/banner/x-6_image__55157242399_a1fa35d6d6_o_jhj9lu.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782287743/villars-institute/banner/x-6_image__55157242399_a1fa35d6d6_o_jhj9lu.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782287743/villars-institute/banner/x-6_image__55157242399_a1fa35d6d6_o_jhj9lu.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782287743/villars-institute/banner/x-6_image__55157242399_a1fa35d6d6_o_jhj9lu.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782287743/villars-institute/banner/x-6_image__55157242399_a1fa35d6d6_o_jhj9lu.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5a","name":"Light Blue","value":"#00B5D5"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-06-24T08:02:40.27","taxonomyLabel":"Nature Positive","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3b8ef763ef87145d779b4e","path":"/perspectives/turning-points-for-nature-accelerating-conservation-at-scale-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"turning-points-for-nature-accelerating-conservation-at-scale-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Turning Points for Nature: Accelerating Conservation at Scale: Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-06-24T08:02:40.27","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"68345aa0fc8b8829dffed172","name":"Maurits Wessels","slug":"maurits-wessels","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/maurits-wessels","updated":"2026-04-07T08:37:11.62","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/maurits-wessels","title":"Maurits Wessels","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/maurits-wessels_photo__IMG_2084_gtbeln","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1748287017/villars-institute/person/maurits-wessels_photo__IMG_2084_gtbeln.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/maurits-wessels_photo__IMG_2084_gtbeln","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/maurits-wessels_photo__IMG_2084_gtbeln","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1748287017/villars-institute/person/maurits-wessels_photo__IMG_2084_gtbeln.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1748287017/villars-institute/person/maurits-wessels_photo__IMG_2084_gtbeln.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989838/villars-institute/banner/theme-nature-based-solutions_image__theme-nature-based-solutions.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99d","name":"Nature Positive","slug":"nature-positive"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"What if protecting nature was not just about building small projects, but about creating systems that operate at a global scale? That is exactly what the panel “Accelerating Conservation at Scale” aimed to explore. The discussion focused on how conservation efforts can move beyond isolated projects and become more effective through improved collaboration, measurement, and coordination. This was illustrated through examples such as new technologies being used to map large areas and better measure forests, as well as financial systems being developed to support countries that reduce deforestation. Conservation efforts are still not occurring at the scale required, making action increasingly urgent as forests continue to be lost, ecosystems weaken, and biodiversity declines. The panel suggested that by combining better data, stronger financial systems, and collaboration among stakeholders, conservation can be scaled more effectively and become embedded within global systems."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782288044/villars-institute/banner/turning-points-for-nature-accelerating-conservation-at-scale_image__55157381855_58b6b0b347_o_trz56u.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782288044/villars-institute/banner/turning-points-for-nature-accelerating-conservation-at-scale_image__55157381855_58b6b0b347_o_trz56u.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782288044/villars-institute/banner/turning-points-for-nature-accelerating-conservation-at-scale_image__55157381855_58b6b0b347_o_trz56u.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782288044/villars-institute/banner/turning-points-for-nature-accelerating-conservation-at-scale_image__55157381855_58b6b0b347_o_trz56u.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782288044/villars-institute/banner/turning-points-for-nature-accelerating-conservation-at-scale_image__55157381855_58b6b0b347_o_trz56u.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db4a","name":"Bottle Green","value":"#4A7D49"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-06-24T08:09:31.65","taxonomyLabel":"Nature Positive","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3b90bb63ef87145d779b67","path":"/perspectives/turning-points-for-nature-repurposing-subsidies-for-planetary-health-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"turning-points-for-nature-repurposing-subsidies-for-planetary-health-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Turning Points for Nature: Repurposing Subsidies for Planetary Health: Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-06-24T08:09:31.65","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"65d547fdd5bcca2bcbc9e9e2","name":"Lélia Walter","slug":"lelia-walter","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/lelia-walter","updated":"2026-06-17T07:56:48.52","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/lelia-walter","title":"Lélia Walter","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/lelia-walter_photo__lelia-walter_photo__Lélia_official_yrl840_nmcmkw","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1753193708/villars-institute/person/lelia-walter_photo__lelia-walter_photo__L%C3%A9lia_official_yrl840_nmcmkw.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/lelia-walter_photo__lelia-walter_photo__Lélia_official_yrl840_nmcmkw","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/lelia-walter_photo__lelia-walter_photo__Lélia_official_yrl840_nmcmkw","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1753193708/villars-institute/person/lelia-walter_photo__lelia-walter_photo__L%C3%A9lia_official_yrl840_nmcmkw.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1753193708/villars-institute/person/lelia-walter_photo__lelia-walter_photo__L%C3%A9lia_official_yrl840_nmcmkw.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989838/villars-institute/banner/theme-nature-based-solutions_image__theme-nature-based-solutions.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99d","name":"Nature Positive","slug":"nature-positive"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\nGovernments around the world spend $1.25 trillion every year on subsidies that drive biodiversity loss, climate change and pollution crises. These incentives distort markets, making harmful activities cheaper than their sustainable alternatives. Inequalities are thereby worsened, while large companies and corporations capture most benefits. Additionally, fiscal stability is undermined, risking governments’ ability to maintain a sustainable financial position over the long term. Therefore, the involvement of philanthropy in repurposing the financial system towards sustainable development seems evident.\n\nThe first speaker underlined the fact that financial incentives directly shape and define how businesses interact with nature. Governments are currently rewarding destruction rather than protection, preventing sustainable alternatives from having a chance to compete in the market. The disadvantages that nature-based solutions currently face are greatly slowing down our ability to transition into a net-zero economy. Additionally, supply chain risks are created through water pollution, overfishing and other similar practices, which could lead to an inability to produce. Incentives need to be put in the right places to transform sectors. Some successful examples include the subsidisation of solar panels leading to competitive prices, and fossil fuel taxes that now pay landowners in Costa Rica to protect land rather than destroy it. The main barrier that remains, though, is the fear that by removing subsidies we are taking away something from people who now depend on them. So the questions of “how to make this solution compelling” and “what should be put in place to encourage the right action” remain. The second speaker reinforced the points already mentioned and added the importance of supporting national reform efforts. This shift needs significant stakeholder work, as well as narrative-building and effective communication. She also reminded the audience that such a shift is possible, as 166 governments have already agreed to a treaty reforming illegal fishery subsidies. Finally, she emphasised that narratives are what galvanise people to drive change. The following speaker noted the danger of unintended consequences, which subsidies often hold. Nonetheless, she argued that subsidies should be reformed rather than removed. For example, in Colombia, subsidised farmers were allowed to remain subsidised if they shifted towards sustainable practices. This increased the government’s budget long term, as costs from droughts and fires greatly decreased and farmers became more resilient. Such an example shows that it is possible to find “win-win” outcomes for people and the economy.\n\nThe final speaker mentioned the danger of externalities and our inability to incorporate natural systems into our economic systems. Unfortunately, the monetary value of living nature does not yet exist, but such a reform could greatly help put incentives in the right direction. For now, harmful subsidies only amplify negative environmental externalities. In other words, our subsidies “accelerate our inability to internalise externalities”. Nonetheless, not all subsidies are bad; in fact, subsidies can and should be used for good.\n\n# Insights from the audience\nFollowing the introductory remarks, the room was split into five tables. Each group was given a sector for which they worked on narrative-building to drive change in these communities. Each person at the table roleplayed a stakeholder in that sector. These were the main ideas that came out of the exercise:\n\nIn the business sector, participants expressed that the current narrative felt too generic. Instead, affected people needed to be put at the centre of the problem to create empathy. A specific person or role would be needed in order to target specific incentives. The focus on time horizons, such as underlining long-term risks and the need for massive systemic change, was mentioned. Lastly, the importance of a showcase example to provide proof of concept was suggested. The public sector group started by focusing on the need for very clear communication that breaks down benefits for each group. Additionally, the need for complete transparency and alignment was voiced. All stakeholders should also be involved in discussion. Finally, the need to put ideas forward now so that action can start small and scale later was expressed. The conservation sector table discussed the use of a long-term moral imperative. The idea of changing the goal of a subsidy while keeping the beneficiaries the same was reiterated. An interesting observation was raised about Indigenous communities often being overlooked because their value systems are ignored. Lastly, the need to maintain coalitions was mentioned.\n\nIn the social justice sector, it was voiced that information needs to be tangible for the public by ensuring people know where money is currently going and suggesting where it should go instead. There is a need to appeal to the benefits that will be derived from changes in the system. Giving concrete elements, deadlines and a roadmap can help the public hold governments accountable for their commitments. The importance of not opening discussions with a problem and lots of jargon was also specified.\n\nFinally, the group of development agencies suggested leaning into the need for reform. Using the narrative of reducing stress on government budgets was considered impactful, especially in smaller economies, as was linking this to the idea of saving taxpayers money. The importance of underlining that people will not lose out from the changes, and will likely benefit, was also raised. The need to build coherence between policies and enable politicians to better follow the money concluded the discussion."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782288464/villars-institute/banner/turning-points-for-nature-repurposing-subsidies-for-planetary-health_image__55157381730_11ed4fc181_o_jp7y10.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782288464/villars-institute/banner/turning-points-for-nature-repurposing-subsidies-for-planetary-health_image__55157381730_11ed4fc181_o_jp7y10.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782288464/villars-institute/banner/turning-points-for-nature-repurposing-subsidies-for-planetary-health_image__55157381730_11ed4fc181_o_jp7y10.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782288464/villars-institute/banner/turning-points-for-nature-repurposing-subsidies-for-planetary-health_image__55157381730_11ed4fc181_o_jp7y10.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782288464/villars-institute/banner/turning-points-for-nature-repurposing-subsidies-for-planetary-health_image__55157381730_11ed4fc181_o_jp7y10.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db4a","name":"Bottle Green","value":"#4A7D49"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-06-24T08:50:08.15","taxonomyLabel":"Nature Positive","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3b9a4063ef87145d779b78","path":"/perspectives/turning-points-for-nature-community-stewardship-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"turning-points-for-nature-community-stewardship-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Turning Points for Nature: Community Stewardship: Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-06-24T08:50:08.15","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"65d547fed5bcca2bcbc9ec28","name":"Zlata Shama","slug":"zlata-shama","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/zlata-shama","updated":"2026-06-04T14:53:36.28","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/zlata-shama","title":"Zlata Shama","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/zlata-shama_photo__zlata-shama_photo__B9C3F7C1-A0F9-4CA6-B616-252D9961E236_iaifor_y4hcuo","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1753193504/villars-institute/person/zlata-shama_photo__zlata-shama_photo__B9C3F7C1-A0F9-4CA6-B616-252D9961E236_iaifor_y4hcuo.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/zlata-shama_photo__zlata-shama_photo__B9C3F7C1-A0F9-4CA6-B616-252D9961E236_iaifor_y4hcuo","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/zlata-shama_photo__zlata-shama_photo__B9C3F7C1-A0F9-4CA6-B616-252D9961E236_iaifor_y4hcuo","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1753193504/villars-institute/person/zlata-shama_photo__zlata-shama_photo__B9C3F7C1-A0F9-4CA6-B616-252D9961E236_iaifor_y4hcuo.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1753193504/villars-institute/person/zlata-shama_photo__zlata-shama_photo__B9C3F7C1-A0F9-4CA6-B616-252D9961E236_iaifor_y4hcuo.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989838/villars-institute/banner/theme-nature-based-solutions_image__theme-nature-based-solutions.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99d","name":"Nature Positive","slug":"nature-positive"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\nCommunity stewardship is not a marginal feature of conservation but one of its central foundations. The reality is that Indigenous peoples and local communities are already managing lands and waters that hold an extraordinary share of the world’s remaining biodiversity. Yet despite this, international conservation still often treats them as secondary actors. The real turning point will come only when stewardship is no longer framed as something external institutions “bring” to communities, but as something communities already practice and defend, often under intense pressure and with far too little support.\n\nImportantly, we need to take the social complexity of “community” seriously. Rather than using the term as if it referred to a simple, unified group, any serious work on biodiversity must begin by asking who exactly is being discussed. A fishing community, for example, is never only a group of fishers. It includes families, local leaders, women engaged in unpaid labour, young people, elders, traders and others whose connections to marine or forest territories may be direct or indirect, but are no less significant. That attention to complexity extended into the question of engagement. Relationships with communities cannot be reduced to formal consultation or technical outreach. Ethical engagement requires time, trust, adaptation and a willingness to understand that different groups may have different expectations of partnership. Written guidance and communication protocols can help, but they do not replace human relationships. Conservation has too often operated through forms of dehumanisation, treating people as variables in a management problem rather than as political and social actors—and, more fundamentally, as human beings. In this framing, stewardship is not simply about ecological maintenance; it is also about dignity. Working effectively with communities requires approaches that are both human and humble, especially in contexts where outside organisations have a long history of arriving with ready-made answers.\n\nThere is no single model of community stewardship that can be scaled everywhere. This point emerged through examples of “assisted” stewardship, in which external organisations support local efforts. Such models can be useful, but they also contain risks. Assistance can empower communities, but it can also allow the helper to benefit disproportionately, whether through influence, funding or public legitimacy. The line between support and exploitation may be thin, even if exploitation is not always obvious. While universal frameworks may appeal to institutions, they often fail in places where social realities, historical conditions and political pressures differ sharply.\n\n# Insights from the audience\n\nSome of the most forceful reflections came from examples linked to the Peruvian Amazon, where stewardship was described not in idealised terms but under conditions of contradiction. The Amazon should not be imagined as empty nature. It is not an untouched expanse waiting to be saved, but a contested territory in which many forms of authority overlap and compete. In some places, governance has weakened to the point that illegal actors increasingly shape control of the forest. This includes illegal and highly destructive mining. Conservation cannot rely on legal recognition alone. Rights on paper are not enough. Titles, protections and declarations mean little without effective implementation, territorial control and institutions capable of defending communities against encroachment and violence.\n\nThe question of mining in the Amazon proved more controversial than it may initially appear. While many conservationists instinctively view mining and biodiversity protection as irreconcilable, participants observed that reality is often more complex. In some circumstances, states have promoted mining in forest territories while presenting it as more environmentally responsible or better regulated, and Indigenous communities have sometimes been allowed or encouraged to participate. This highlights how the politics of land and resources are deeply intertwined with questions of sovereignty, control and livelihood. Institutional accountability was another major theme. Participants reflected on how major conservation organisations have been forced to rethink their practices following serious allegations of human rights abuses within the conservation sector. That reckoning became a turning point in itself, compelling institutions to reconsider how they work with Indigenous peoples and local communities in more responsible and inclusive ways. A key lesson that emerged was that Indigenous peoples are not newcomers to conservation. They are already engaged in conservation and climate action, whether or not international organisations are present. The implication was clear: NGOs and large environmental actors are not the sole drivers of protection, and often not even the primary ones. Improving conservation outcomes requires recognising whose knowledge, labour and territorial stewardship have long sustained ecosystems.\n\nSupport systems were discussed in both practical and political terms. Participants highlighted the role of mapping, digital tools, territorial platforms and advisory processes. These tools can help defend land claims, coordinate action and make distributed value more visible. Yet the central question was not only what tools exist, but who controls them and who benefits from them. Indigenous peoples are increasingly asked to provide sustainability expertise to corporations and institutions, but funding and support often fail to match the scale of that demand. A significant gap therefore remains between rhetorical support for self-determination and the meaningful transfer of resources, autonomy and decision-making power."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782290930/villars-institute/banner/turning-points-for-nature-community-stewardship_image__55158497643_8c07dd8c8a_6k_vjqncz.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782290930/villars-institute/banner/turning-points-for-nature-community-stewardship_image__55158497643_8c07dd8c8a_6k_vjqncz.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782290930/villars-institute/banner/turning-points-for-nature-community-stewardship_image__55158497643_8c07dd8c8a_6k_vjqncz.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782290930/villars-institute/banner/turning-points-for-nature-community-stewardship_image__55158497643_8c07dd8c8a_6k_vjqncz.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782290930/villars-institute/banner/turning-points-for-nature-community-stewardship_image__55158497643_8c07dd8c8a_6k_vjqncz.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db4a","name":"Bottle Green","value":"#4A7D49"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-06-24T08:54:29.15","taxonomyLabel":"Systems Leadership","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3b9b4563ef87145d779b84","path":"/perspectives/turning-points-for-nature-public-health-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"turning-points-for-nature-public-health-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Turning Points for Nature: Public Health: Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-06-24T08:54:29.15","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"6616771fe8b4e558b90f5a45","name":"Giulio Pauen","slug":"giulio-pauen","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/giulio-pauen","updated":"2026-05-09T20:17:06.85","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/giulio-pauen","title":"Giulio Pauen","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/giulio-pauen_photo__IMG_3779_2_p9tqcs","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1727766445/villars-institute/person/giulio-pauen_photo__IMG_3779_2_p9tqcs.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/giulio-pauen_photo__IMG_3779_2_p9tqcs","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/giulio-pauen_photo__IMG_3779_2_p9tqcs","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1727766445/villars-institute/person/giulio-pauen_photo__IMG_3779_2_p9tqcs.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1727766445/villars-institute/person/giulio-pauen_photo__IMG_3779_2_p9tqcs.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989845/villars-institute/banner/theme-systems-leadership_image__theme-systems-leadership.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d9a0","name":"Systems Leadership","slug":"systems-leadership"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"The session focused mainly on theBiosphere integrity planetary boundary. It began with an assessment of how recent climate change-driven catastrophes have affected human life and wellbeing. It continued with an analysis of how the responses of government bodies worldwide have evolved vis-à-vis these events, and closed with speakers suggesting implementable solutions before turning to the audience for a Q&A."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782291197/villars-institute/banner/turning-points-for-nature-public-health_image__55157005241_1d575317a7_o_yrbhds.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782291197/villars-institute/banner/turning-points-for-nature-public-health_image__55157005241_1d575317a7_o_yrbhds.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782291197/villars-institute/banner/turning-points-for-nature-public-health_image__55157005241_1d575317a7_o_yrbhds.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782291197/villars-institute/banner/turning-points-for-nature-public-health_image__55157005241_1d575317a7_o_yrbhds.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782291197/villars-institute/banner/turning-points-for-nature-public-health_image__55157005241_1d575317a7_o_yrbhds.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5c","name":"Light Brown","value":"#AA9B8C"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-06-24T12:59:18.80","taxonomyLabel":"Systems Leadership","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3bd4a663ef87145d779c07","path":"/perspectives/turning-points-for-nature-tackling-environmental-crime-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"turning-points-for-nature-tackling-environmental-crime-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Turning Points for Nature: Tackling Environmental Crime: Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-06-24T12:59:18.80","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"65d547fed5bcca2bcbc9ea87","name":"Milly Bevan","slug":"milly-bevan","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/milly-bevan","updated":"2026-05-28T12:07:19.16","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/milly-bevan","title":"Milly Bevan","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/milly-bevan_photo__milly-bevan_photo__Screenshot_2022-11-07_at_14.14.51_mjpqzm_siouhj","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1753193529/villars-institute/person/milly-bevan_photo__milly-bevan_photo__Screenshot_2022-11-07_at_14.14.51_mjpqzm_siouhj.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/milly-bevan_photo__milly-bevan_photo__Screenshot_2022-11-07_at_14.14.51_mjpqzm_siouhj","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/milly-bevan_photo__milly-bevan_photo__Screenshot_2022-11-07_at_14.14.51_mjpqzm_siouhj","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1753193529/villars-institute/person/milly-bevan_photo__milly-bevan_photo__Screenshot_2022-11-07_at_14.14.51_mjpqzm_siouhj.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1753193529/villars-institute/person/milly-bevan_photo__milly-bevan_photo__Screenshot_2022-11-07_at_14.14.51_mjpqzm_siouhj.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989845/villars-institute/banner/theme-systems-leadership_image__theme-systems-leadership.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d9a0","name":"Systems Leadership","slug":"systems-leadership"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers:\n\nEnvironmental crime, including illegal logging and trafficking of endangered species, is one of the largest global criminal enterprises. And yet, despite the significant threat it poses to climate action, nature goals, and national security, discussions around environmental crime remain peripheral and efforts to target its illicit financial dealings are underprioritised in comparison to similarly sized and equally threatening criminal economies. As a progression of discussions held at last year’s Villars Summit, this session discussed not just “diagnosis” but “strategy”. The session reflected on the achievements and next steps for political leadership, the environmental crime narrative, business engagement and new strategic directions, such as technology, financial incentives and metrics.\n\nFirstly, the experts reflected on progress in political and private-sector engagement. Governments should behave as role models, demonstrating to their public and to the private sector how their rules should be interpreted and implemented. Since last year, newly-formed commissions have started evaluating and updating the UN Convention against Transnational Organised Crime’s (UNTOC’s) stance on environmental crime, marking a milestone achievement. Many new political and private-sector alliances and coalitions have also been formed, including at the inaugural biodiversity summit in Africa, with the aims of improving communication and data sharing to more effectively close markets against illegal environmental products.\n\nHowever, this momentum must be maintained through collaboration, both within and between governments and businesses. We must promote multi-sectoral collaboration, including ministries of finance and law enforcement. To get these key actors to the table, we must emphasise the links between environmental crime and human and drug trafficking, money laundering and violent crime - in considering environmental crime in isolation, we underestimate its ramifications and unwittingly exclude vital collaborators, undermining solutions. Secondly, we must continue thoughtful international collaboration and further discussions must address the responsibilities of product-export and product-import countries. Finally, we must continue to nurture collaboration between government and the private sector, building strong businesses that can make change under supportive regulation.\n\nFinally, the speakers addressed new strategic directions, including new technologies and narrative change. Governments, NGOs and businesses are beginning to use AI to monitor, detect and report illegal wildlife trafficking and deforestation. Responsibly managed AI is a powerful weapon in the arms race of environmental crime. In allowing the conservation space to become an active regulator of environmental crime, new technologies can empower and protect communities - for example, using genetic scanners to identify and block the transport of endangered goods. Narrative change is also an important strategic direction, with which we can reduce the demand for and economic reliance on illegal products, as well as increasing the demand for sustainable and legal alternatives.\n\nThe key message of the session was one of collaboration. To maintain and accelerate progress, we must pursue partnerships, seek understanding and listen to a diverse range of perspectives, both within governments and businesses and between them. If we can reduce competition and promote cooperation, we have a chance to effectively fight environmental crime.\n\n# Insights from the Audience:\n\nFirstly, the audience discussion expanded on the point that environmental crime does not exist in, nor can it be combatted in, isolation: it is both a symptom and an extension of a larger criminal issue. For example, illegal wildlife trade is a known driver of international crime networks, whether as the primary exploit of a network, an expansion thereof, or a “resilience” method of financing other crimes. A well-balanced multi-sectoral approach, including intelligence agencies, law enforcement, and protectors of national security (while taking care to uphold the democratic institutions that are necessary for human wellbeing), is therefore vital to tackling environmental crime.\n\nSecondly, the audience discussed how we can reduce the demand for illegal environmental products and identified the private sector as a key stakeholder. Businesses are not used to being asked to take responsibility for wildlife and the environment, but they must be incentivised to collaborate with governments to identify illegal activity that threatens both their business and the environment. Enhancing government-business collaboration would allow for more effective reporting and management of illicit wildlife trade and increased attractiveness of legal alternatives, thereby decreasing demand for illegal products.\n\nFinally, the audience grappled with the question of “ecocide”, defined as the destruction of the natural environment by deliberate or negligent human action. There is hope to eventually be able to prosecute those responsible for the degradation and exploitation of nature on the grounds of ecocide, but deliberations on this agenda are still ongoing and highly controversial. Legislation on ecocide may yet provide an additional path to justice for environmental crimes. However, as such a broadly defined crime, many governments and businesses worry it may be used to vilify their endeavours based on their carbon emissions or environmental impacts. Regardless of the terminology used, we must ensure that those affected by environmental crime are not intimidated from bringing criminal activity to justice."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782305895/villars-institute/banner/x-7_image__55157242144_6d8db52891_o_gqqdom.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782305895/villars-institute/banner/x-7_image__55157242144_6d8db52891_o_gqqdom.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782305895/villars-institute/banner/x-7_image__55157242144_6d8db52891_o_gqqdom.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782305895/villars-institute/banner/x-7_image__55157242144_6d8db52891_o_gqqdom.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782305895/villars-institute/banner/x-7_image__55157242144_6d8db52891_o_gqqdom.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5c","name":"Light Brown","value":"#AA9B8C"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-10-01T07:16:27.80","taxonomyLabel":"Planetary Boundaries","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3bdbeb63ef87145d779c13","path":"/perspectives/biodiversity-disclosure-on-the-road-to-cop-17-villars-rapporteur-report-villars-summit-2026","slug":"biodiversity-disclosure-on-the-road-to-cop-17-villars-rapporteur-report-villars-summit-2026","name":"Biodiversity Disclosure on the Road to COP17: Villars Rapporteur Report | Villars Summit 2026","published":"2026-10-01T07:16:27.80","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"65d547fdd5bcca2bcbc9e8cf","name":"Finlay Hamilton","slug":"finlay-hamilton","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/finlay-hamilton","updated":"2026-08-28T12:53:06.87","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/finlay-hamilton","title":"Finlay Hamilton","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/finlay-hamilton_photo__edit5_uvkbaa","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1756064018/villars-institute/person/finlay-hamilton_photo__edit5_uvkbaa.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/finlay-hamilton_photo__edit5_uvkbaa","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/finlay-hamilton_photo__edit5_uvkbaa","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1756064018/villars-institute/person/finlay-hamilton_photo__edit5_uvkbaa.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1756064018/villars-institute/person/finlay-hamilton_photo__edit5_uvkbaa.jpg"}}}}},{"id":"65d547fdd5bcca2bcbc9e9e2","name":"Lélia Walter","slug":"lelia-walter","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/lelia-walter","updated":"2026-06-17T07:56:48.52","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/lelia-walter","title":"Lélia Walter","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/lelia-walter_photo__lelia-walter_photo__Lélia_official_yrl840_nmcmkw","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1753193708/villars-institute/person/lelia-walter_photo__lelia-walter_photo__L%C3%A9lia_official_yrl840_nmcmkw.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/lelia-walter_photo__lelia-walter_photo__Lélia_official_yrl840_nmcmkw","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/lelia-walter_photo__lelia-walter_photo__Lélia_official_yrl840_nmcmkw","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1753193708/villars-institute/person/lelia-walter_photo__lelia-walter_photo__L%C3%A9lia_official_yrl840_nmcmkw.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1753193708/villars-institute/person/lelia-walter_photo__lelia-walter_photo__L%C3%A9lia_official_yrl840_nmcmkw.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989843/villars-institute/banner/theme-planetary-health_image__theme-planetary-health.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99f","name":"Planetary Boundaries","slug":"planetary-boundaries"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"As COP17 approaches in Armenia, aligning corporate biodiversity disclosure with the Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) is becoming increasingly important. Today, fewer than 5% of companies disclose biodiversity impacts and less than 1% report dependencies, despite the significant pressures that core value chains place on biodiversity. This plenary session explored how business, governments and the scientific community can work together around shared metrics and data to enable credible, comparable reporting."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782306793/villars-institute/banner/x-8_image__55158080450_3b2f03e3f9_o_figxi7.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782306793/villars-institute/banner/x-8_image__55158080450_3b2f03e3f9_o_figxi7.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782306793/villars-institute/banner/x-8_image__55158080450_3b2f03e3f9_o_figxi7.png"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782306793/villars-institute/banner/x-8_image__55158080450_3b2f03e3f9_o_figxi7.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782306793/villars-institute/banner/x-8_image__55158080450_3b2f03e3f9_o_figxi7.png"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db65","name":"Villars Blue","value":"#0673BE"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-10-01T07:16:00.34","taxonomyLabel":"Net-Zero Emissions","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3bdd1763ef87145d779c20","path":"/perspectives/seeing-the-unseen-the-hidden-threat-of-invasive-species-villars-rapporteur-report-villars-summit-2026","slug":"seeing-the-unseen-the-hidden-threat-of-invasive-species-villars-rapporteur-report-villars-summit-2026","name":"Seeing the Unseen: The Hidden Threat of Invasive Species: Villars Rapporteur Report | Villars Summit 2026","published":"2026-10-01T07:16:00.34","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"68345aa0fc8b8829dffed172","name":"Maurits Wessels","slug":"maurits-wessels","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/maurits-wessels","updated":"2026-04-07T08:37:11.62","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/maurits-wessels","title":"Maurits Wessels","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/maurits-wessels_photo__IMG_2084_gtbeln","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1748287017/villars-institute/person/maurits-wessels_photo__IMG_2084_gtbeln.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/maurits-wessels_photo__IMG_2084_gtbeln","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/maurits-wessels_photo__IMG_2084_gtbeln","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1748287017/villars-institute/person/maurits-wessels_photo__IMG_2084_gtbeln.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1748287017/villars-institute/person/maurits-wessels_photo__IMG_2084_gtbeln.jpg"}}}}},{"id":"66169551e8b4e558b90f64ed","name":"Miglia Garbers","slug":"miglia-garbers","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/miglia-garbers","updated":"2026-09-21T16:55:48.61","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/miglia-garbers","title":"Miglia Garbers","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/miglia-garbers-rapporteur_photo__cf042934-b06c-4e5d-a909-f0cdb0e73999_w2lpm2","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1773398493/villars-institute/person/miglia-garbers-rapporteur_photo__cf042934-b06c-4e5d-a909-f0cdb0e73999_w2lpm2.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/miglia-garbers-rapporteur_photo__cf042934-b06c-4e5d-a909-f0cdb0e73999_w2lpm2","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/miglia-garbers-rapporteur_photo__cf042934-b06c-4e5d-a909-f0cdb0e73999_w2lpm2","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1773398493/villars-institute/person/miglia-garbers-rapporteur_photo__cf042934-b06c-4e5d-a909-f0cdb0e73999_w2lpm2.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1773398493/villars-institute/person/miglia-garbers-rapporteur_photo__cf042934-b06c-4e5d-a909-f0cdb0e73999_w2lpm2.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989840/villars-institute/banner/theme-net-zero-economy_image__theme-net-zero-economy.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99e","name":"Net-Zero Emissions","slug":"net-zero-emissions"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"What if something as small as a fish or plant could reshape an entire ecosystem, disrupt economies, and impact human health? That is the reality of invasive species today. The discussion held in the panel “The Hidden Threat of Invasive Species” focused on how these species are rapidly spreading across ecosystems, often with consequences that are invisible to the public. This issue is growing fast, with invasive species contributing to around 60% of global extinctions, and costing the global economy an estimated 423 billion dollars annually, suggesting invasive species are an unrecognised threat. Through a combination of scientific insight, real-world examples, and creative storytelling, the panel highlighted that with early detection, stronger methods of prevention, and cross-sector collaboration, this issue can be faced head-on before it reaches an irreversible stage."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782308016/villars-institute/banner/x-9_image__55157939479_a4fb50aa75_o_cofhpp.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782308016/villars-institute/banner/x-9_image__55157939479_a4fb50aa75_o_cofhpp.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782308016/villars-institute/banner/x-9_image__55157939479_a4fb50aa75_o_cofhpp.png"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782308016/villars-institute/banner/x-9_image__55157939479_a4fb50aa75_o_cofhpp.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782308016/villars-institute/banner/x-9_image__55157939479_a4fb50aa75_o_cofhpp.png"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5a","name":"Light Blue","value":"#00B5D5"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-10-01T07:16:07.66","taxonomyLabel":"Net-Zero Emissions","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3bde3b63ef87145d779c2d","path":"/perspectives/the-loops-of-social-and-ecological-regeneration-villars-rapporteur-report-villars-summit-2026","slug":"the-loops-of-social-and-ecological-regeneration-villars-rapporteur-report-villars-summit-2026","name":"The Loops of Social and Ecological Regeneration: Villars Rapporteur Report | Villars Summit 2026","published":"2026-10-01T07:16:07.66","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"699eca246e8acca821167a95","name":"Francis Samuel Godwyll","slug":"francis-samuel-godwyll","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/francis-samuel-godwyll","updated":"2026-04-07T08:38:05.77","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/francis-samuel-godwyll","title":"Francis Samuel Godwyll","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/francis-samuel-godwyll-rapporteur_photo__1771089158797_tcrevq","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1773138812/villars-institute/person/francis-samuel-godwyll-rapporteur_photo__1771089158797_tcrevq.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/francis-samuel-godwyll-rapporteur_photo__1771089158797_tcrevq","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/francis-samuel-godwyll-rapporteur_photo__1771089158797_tcrevq","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1773138812/villars-institute/person/francis-samuel-godwyll-rapporteur_photo__1771089158797_tcrevq.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1773138812/villars-institute/person/francis-samuel-godwyll-rapporteur_photo__1771089158797_tcrevq.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989840/villars-institute/banner/theme-net-zero-economy_image__theme-net-zero-economy.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99e","name":"Net-Zero Emissions","slug":"net-zero-emissions"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\nThe session explored how nature, finance, culture, and belief interact to shape collective responses to the climate and biodiversity crisis. Participants emphasised that environmental recovery is not only a scientific or technical challenge, but also an economic, cultural, and psychological one.\n\nThe discussion opened with the idea that responsibility for environmental action cannot rest solely with producers, farmers, or any single group. Risks and responsibilities must instead be shared across entire value chains. Participants argued that current economic and financial systems fail to properly account for nature and that mental models are just as important as financial mechanisms in shaping responses to environmental risk. How societies think about nature ultimately influences how they invest in, value, and protect it. A central theme was the need to bring nature onto the balance sheet. This involves moving beyond narrow economic indicators and incorporating ecological value and broader human values into decision-making. Participants reflected on how oceans, forests, and other ecosystems remain poorly understood despite their fundamental role in sustaining life. The discussion highlighted how little is still known about the ocean in particular, and how this uncertainty should encourage greater humility and simplicity in approaches to environmental stewardship. The conversation then turned to examples of large-scale regeneration and the optimism they can inspire. Participants noted that nature has a remarkable capacity to recover when given the opportunity. Previous work on global tree restoration and ecosystem recovery has demonstrated significant regenerative potential. At the same time, some restoration efforts have generated criticism where scientific estimates or public narratives were perceived as overly simplistic or overly optimistic. Participants acknowledged that poorly designed interventions, or interventions implemented in the wrong places, can create unintended harm. Effective regeneration therefore requires context-specific approaches grounded in local ecological and social realities.\n\nPoverty and rural inequality were identified as major constraints to environmental recovery. Many of the world’s most degraded landscapes are home to communities with limited economic opportunities, where environmental degradation can appear to be the only viable path to short-term survival. However, participants stressed that the same economic forces driving degradation could be redirected towards regeneration if communities are given access to capital, opportunity, and fair participation in value chains. Examples were shared of agricultural regions where regenerative farming practices improved soil health, increased productivity, and strengthened local livelihoods. The session highlighted how embedding nature-positive practices within local economies can generate reinforcing feedback loops. Investment in ecological restoration can strengthen ecosystems while simultaneously supporting more resilient and prosperous communities. Transparency, data, and credible measurement systems were identified as essential to scaling these models, enabling progress to be tracked, trust to be built, and further investment to be mobilised. Another important strand of the discussion focused on how societies define and interpret “reality”. Participants explored how scientific definitions, measurements, and thresholds shape policy and public understanding. Decisions about what qualifies as a tree, a forest, or a unit of biomass influence not only data and reporting, but also real-world outcomes. Although such frameworks are imperfect, they guide decision-making and therefore have material consequences for ecosystems and communities. The conversation also examined the role of belief, emotion, and cultural narratives in driving action. Participants noted that concern about climate change is widespread, yet constant exposure to alarming information can weaken people’s sense of agency and urgency. The discussion argued that belief in the possibility of regeneration is essential. When individuals and communities feel that their actions can make a difference, they are more likely to engage, innovate, and sustain long-term efforts.\n\nCultural transformation was presented as a necessary complement to technical and financial solutions. Participants argued that societies must shift from viewing nature as a passive backdrop or extractable resource towards recognising it as an active partner and source of opportunity. This shift in perception can create new forms of economic activity, strengthen local identity, and build community pride. Examples such as ecological soundscapes and other visible indicators of recovery were highlighted as powerful ways of making restoration tangible and emotionally resonant. The session concluded that building hope grounded in evidence is not naïve, but strategically necessary. Regeneration at scale will depend on aligning economic systems, cultural narratives, and individual actions in ways that support a more resilient, sustainable, and equitable future.\n\n# Insights from the audience\n\nThere was no time allocated for audience questions or discussion."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782308231/villars-institute/banner/x-10_image__55159687583_7fc5c0d392_o_dlfis6.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782308231/villars-institute/banner/x-10_image__55159687583_7fc5c0d392_o_dlfis6.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782308231/villars-institute/banner/x-10_image__55159687583_7fc5c0d392_o_dlfis6.png"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782308231/villars-institute/banner/x-10_image__55159687583_7fc5c0d392_o_dlfis6.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782308231/villars-institute/banner/x-10_image__55159687583_7fc5c0d392_o_dlfis6.png"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5a","name":"Light Blue","value":"#00B5D5"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-10-01T07:16:14.30","taxonomyLabel":"Systems Leadership","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3bdf1863ef87145d779c3e","path":"/perspectives/from-villars-to-the-rio-trio-building-a-coherent-global-nature-agenda-villars-rapporteur-report-villars-summit-2026","slug":"from-villars-to-the-rio-trio-building-a-coherent-global-nature-agenda-villars-rapporteur-report-villars-summit-2026","name":"From Villars to the Rio Trio: Building a Coherent Global Nature Agenda: Villars Rapporteur Report | Villars Summit 2026","published":"2026-10-01T07:16:14.30","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"699ee8096e8acca821167c14","name":"Chukwuebuka Edum ","slug":"chukwuebuka-edum","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/chukwuebuka-edum","updated":"2026-04-07T08:37:52.19","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/chukwuebuka-edum","title":"Chukwuebuka Edum ","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/chuks_photo__PR_bjlwo3","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1772885933/villars-institute/person/chuks_photo__PR_bjlwo3.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/chuks_photo__PR_bjlwo3","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/chuks_photo__PR_bjlwo3","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1772885933/villars-institute/person/chuks_photo__PR_bjlwo3.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1772885933/villars-institute/person/chuks_photo__PR_bjlwo3.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989845/villars-institute/banner/theme-systems-leadership_image__theme-systems-leadership.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d9a0","name":"Systems Leadership","slug":"systems-leadership"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\nThe panel discussion centred on the evolving architecture of global environmental governance, particularly the legacy of the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, which established three major international conventions: the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and the Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD).\n\nWhile these frameworks were historically designed as distinct pillars addressing biodiversity, climate change and land degradation respectively, speakers argued that this separation does not reflect ecological or socio-economic realities. Instead, these systems are deeply interconnected and interdependent, requiring a more integrated and coordinated approach.\n\nA central question posed was: how should a “new Rio” be designed today?\n\nSpeakers suggested that the original fragmentation of the conventions “never made sense”, as climate, biodiversity and land systems are inherently linked. The current dominance of climate change within global policy discussions risks marginalising biodiversity and land degradation issues. Therefore, a “marriage” of the three conventions is needed—one that ensures balance and avoids the supremacy of any single agenda. This integration should extend beyond land to include oceans, emphasising a holistic “landscape and seascape” approach. The concept of integration was further developed through proposals to align the Conferences of the Parties (COPs), potentially holding them in the same location and fostering coordinated decision-making. A unified framework with common targets and reporting mechanisms was seen as essential to improve coherence and effectiveness. Moreover, speakers highlighted the importance of linking the Rio conventions with other global institutions such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), recognising that environmental challenges are deeply embedded within broader economic and social systems. A key theme was the shift from institutional architecture to implementation. While the global governance framework has matured, the gap now lies in translating commitments into action. Speakers emphasised the importance of national-level implementation, supported by coordinated strategies that align ministries of finance, environment, agriculture and economic planning. Namibia’s integrated approach to managing the “Rio trio” was cited as a promising example of interinstitutional, interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaboration. Stakeholder engagement emerged as another critical dimension. Effective environmental governance requires the active participation of communities, governments, the private sector and financial institutions. The “invisible hand” of finance and economic systems plays a decisive role in shaping outcomes, underscoring the need to mobilise both public and private capital. Innovation was identified as a key enabler, with the private sector contributing technological solutions and academia developing viable financial models. Finally, speakers stressed the importance of integrating scientific and Indigenous knowledge systems, recognising that both offer valuable insights for sustainable resource management. Policy instruments such as carbon and nature credits were identified as important drivers of implementation, while proposals to incorporate nature into the Human Development Index (HDI) reflect a broader effort to align development metrics with ecological sustainability."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782308507/villars-institute/banner/c-2_image__55158627907_759027a446_o_ebao1f.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782308507/villars-institute/banner/c-2_image__55158627907_759027a446_o_ebao1f.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782308507/villars-institute/banner/c-2_image__55158627907_759027a446_o_ebao1f.png"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782308507/villars-institute/banner/c-2_image__55158627907_759027a446_o_ebao1f.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782308507/villars-institute/banner/c-2_image__55158627907_759027a446_o_ebao1f.png"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5c","name":"Light Brown","value":"#AA9B8C"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-06-25T08:32:31.02","taxonomyLabel":"Nature Positive","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3ce79f8a980e41b9f2e202","path":"/perspectives/innovation-pathways-tokenizing-nature-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"innovation-pathways-tokenizing-nature-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Innovation Pathways: Tokenizing Nature: Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-06-25T08:32:31.02","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"6616771fe8b4e558b90f5a45","name":"Giulio Pauen","slug":"giulio-pauen","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/giulio-pauen","updated":"2026-05-09T20:17:06.85","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/giulio-pauen","title":"Giulio Pauen","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/giulio-pauen_photo__IMG_3779_2_p9tqcs","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1727766445/villars-institute/person/giulio-pauen_photo__IMG_3779_2_p9tqcs.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/giulio-pauen_photo__IMG_3779_2_p9tqcs","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/giulio-pauen_photo__IMG_3779_2_p9tqcs","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1727766445/villars-institute/person/giulio-pauen_photo__IMG_3779_2_p9tqcs.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1727766445/villars-institute/person/giulio-pauen_photo__IMG_3779_2_p9tqcs.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989838/villars-institute/banner/theme-nature-based-solutions_image__theme-nature-based-solutions.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99d","name":"Nature Positive","slug":"nature-positive"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"The session focused mainly on the climate change planetary boundary. It began with an introduction to the concept of Tokenised Natural Habitats. This was followed by a presentation of a case study demonstrating how technology is being used in Gabon to help defend biodiversity, and a demonstration of a technological instrument that enables real-time, continuous MRV. The Q&A at the end allowed the audience to share insights and discuss practical applications from multiple angles."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782376281/villars-institute/banner/innovation-pathways-tokenizing-nature_image__55158838885_571cdbf3e0_o_c3zrwg.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782376281/villars-institute/banner/innovation-pathways-tokenizing-nature_image__55158838885_571cdbf3e0_o_c3zrwg.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782376281/villars-institute/banner/innovation-pathways-tokenizing-nature_image__55158838885_571cdbf3e0_o_c3zrwg.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782376281/villars-institute/banner/innovation-pathways-tokenizing-nature_image__55158838885_571cdbf3e0_o_c3zrwg.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782376281/villars-institute/banner/innovation-pathways-tokenizing-nature_image__55158838885_571cdbf3e0_o_c3zrwg.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db4a","name":"Bottle Green","value":"#4A7D49"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-06-25T08:49:40.23","taxonomyLabel":"Emerging Technologies","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3ceba48a980e41b9f2e20e","path":"/perspectives/innovation-pathways-ai-for-biodiversity-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"innovation-pathways-ai-for-biodiversity-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Innovation Pathways: AI for Biodiversity: Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-06-25T08:49:40.23","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"67cb084235b355aa60d87941","name":"Anish Navaratnam","slug":"anish-navaratnam","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/anish-navaratnam","updated":"2026-06-08T08:02:50.37","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/anish-navaratnam","title":"Anish Navaratnam","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/anish-navaratnam_photo__1779738559169_qziwky","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1780664665/villars-institute/person/anish-navaratnam_photo__1779738559169_qziwky.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/anish-navaratnam_photo__1779738559169_qziwky","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/anish-navaratnam_photo__1779738559169_qziwky","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1780664665/villars-institute/person/anish-navaratnam_photo__1779738559169_qziwky.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1780664665/villars-institute/person/anish-navaratnam_photo__1779738559169_qziwky.png"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989832/villars-institute/banner/theme-emerging-technologies_image__theme-emerging-technologies.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99b","name":"Emerging Technologies","slug":"emerging-technologies"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\nThe session emphasised that effective measurement of biodiversity is essential for making real progress. Unlike carbon, biodiversity is more complex and multidimensional, which makes it harder to measure in a standardised way, but still just as important. Reliable and comparable data across regions and over time is key for tracking progress, informing policy and supporting coordinated global action. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) was highlighted as a valuable tool that can improve data collection, for example through satellite imagery, acoustic monitoring and automated image analysis. AI can also help fill gaps where data is incomplete.\n\nAnother important theme was how AI can transform biodiversity monitoring systems. Current approaches are often fragmented, resource-intensive and rely on limited expert capacity. AI has the potential to integrate different types of data, such as satellite imagery, field observations and scientific research, into more complete and scalable insights. However, it was emphasised that AI should support, not replace, human expertise. The most effective approaches combine automated analysis with human oversight, ensuring that results remain accurate, credible and useful. This also reflects a shift in the role of experts towards interpreting findings, validating results and guiding decision-making. The session also explored the economic dimension of biodiversity. For meaningful large-scale change to happen, biodiversity needs to be incorporated into financial systems and decision-making processes. This involves moving from raw data to actionable insights, then to indicators that can influence investment and policy. While current market mechanisms have their limitations, aligning economic incentives with positive environmental outcomes is seen as essential. AI can help accelerate this process by turning large amounts of data into usable insights, but human values and governance will ultimately shape how these tools are applied.\n\nOverall, the discussion highlighted that progress depends on combining technological innovation, human expertise and broader economic change.\n\n# Insights from the audience\n\nThe discussion highlighted several important considerations around how AI is used in biodiversity contexts. A central concern was how to ensure that these systems are guided by appropriate values. Participants noted that current economic structures often prioritise short-term financial gains, sometimes at the expense of environmental and social outcomes. This raised questions about how new tools and frameworks can be designed to support a more balanced approach that takes ecological, social and economic priorities into account.\n\nAnother key point focused on trust and inclusivity. There was strong interest in understanding who contributes to and validates AI-generated outputs. Participants emphasised the importance of involving a diverse range of contributors, including local and indigenous communities, whose knowledge is often underrepresented in formal datasets. Including these perspectives was seen as essential both for improving data quality and for building trust and acceptance in new systems.\n\nThe potential for wider public participation also emerged as an important opportunity. Many participants noted that people already interact with nature and could contribute useful observations if accessible tools were available. The idea of user-friendly digital platforms, such as mobile apps that allow geolocated data collection, was discussed as a way to expand data coverage and support large-scale monitoring. At the same time, this raises challenges related to data reliability, uneven participation and possible bias towards more visible species or locations. Participants also reflected on the balance between scale and accuracy. While AI makes it possible to process large amounts of data, concerns remain about the quality and representativeness of that data. This reinforces the need to combine automated systems with expert validation and thoughtful system design.\n\nOverall, the discussion showed that while technological capabilities are advancing quickly, the main challenges lie in governance, inclusivity, trust and turning data into meaningful action."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782377093/villars-institute/banner/innovation-pathways-ai-for-biodiversity_image__55158457186_14bcfc179e_o_jkunst.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782377093/villars-institute/banner/innovation-pathways-ai-for-biodiversity_image__55158457186_14bcfc179e_o_jkunst.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782377093/villars-institute/banner/innovation-pathways-ai-for-biodiversity_image__55158457186_14bcfc179e_o_jkunst.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782377093/villars-institute/banner/innovation-pathways-ai-for-biodiversity_image__55158457186_14bcfc179e_o_jkunst.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782377093/villars-institute/banner/innovation-pathways-ai-for-biodiversity_image__55158457186_14bcfc179e_o_jkunst.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db51","name":"Dark Red","value":"#8C1815"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-06-25T09:25:20.93","taxonomyLabel":"Nature Positive","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3cf4008a980e41b9f2e223","path":"/perspectives/innovation-pathways-nature-positive-investment-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"innovation-pathways-nature-positive-investment-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Innovation Pathways: Nature-Positive Investment: Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-06-25T09:25:20.93","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"65d547fed5bcca2bcbc9eb89","name":"Sofiia Martianova","slug":"sofiia-martianova","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/sofiia-martianova","updated":"2026-04-07T08:35:40.16","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/sofiia-martianova","title":"Sofiia Martianova","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/sofiia-martianova_photo__IMG_4084_kcdbh3","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668990957/villars-institute/person/sofiia-martianova_photo__IMG_4084_kcdbh3.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/sofiia-martianova_photo__IMG_4084_kcdbh3","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/sofiia-martianova_photo__IMG_4084_kcdbh3","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1668990957/villars-institute/person/sofiia-martianova_photo__IMG_4084_kcdbh3.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1668990957/villars-institute/person/sofiia-martianova_photo__IMG_4084_kcdbh3.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989838/villars-institute/banner/theme-nature-based-solutions_image__theme-nature-based-solutions.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99d","name":"Nature Positive","slug":"nature-positive"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\n\nThe session opened with the presentation of a WEF UpLink report which identifies 50 investible nature-positive opportunities across 13 sectors (the initial long list was 250). It is framed around scoping, sourcing and scaling. The report was described by one speaker as potentially the best WEF has ever produced on the topic. The 50 opportunities were selected against three criteria: whether they sit within a company’s value chain, whether they positively impact nature drivers beyond climate mitigation, and whether they strengthen business financials. Agriculture, food and forestry, alongside mining, emerged as the sectors with the greatest concentration of opportunity.\n\nThe central tension that the session sought to address was that the pipeline of nature-positive opportunities exists, yet private capital continues to flow predominantly toward nature-negative activities. Three structural barriers were brought up, such as risk assessment frameworks that fail to account for nature, poor return visibility, and the fundamental difficulty of applying a financial mindset to natural systems. The report proposes five priority actions to close this gap: building institutional “nature fluency,” uncovering opportunities hidden inside existing operations, leveraging data that already exists, fostering innovation, and building coalitions. One speaker traced a major journey of financial institutions from a purely climate-focused lens toward a broader nature lens, which is now implemented within their risk management systems. For example, water was mentioned as increasingly being treated as an investable risk category, which already shows a shift that took years to achieve for climate and must now happen faster for nature. The challenge is that nature is far harder to define and model than carbon, and without robust models, finance hesitates. Education, capacity building and collaboration are the areas that need focus before capital can move at scale.\n\nAnother speaker sharpened the framing. The missing layer in nature-positive investment is not data — there is already enough to act — but the translation from values to value creation. Investors must be simultaneously rigorous and flexible: rigorous in tracking whether an ecosystem is actually functioning healthily, flexible enough to accept that nature defines its own signals. The deployment gap is real. SMEs developing nature-positive solutions struggle to understand how large corporations operate, which makes it difficult to scale without being embedded into major supply chains.\n\nOne of the speakers presented an investable nature-positive case study, where it was illustrated how seaweed feedstock can be mapped across three distinct markets using causal systems thinking. The example showed how a single feedstock can unlock multiple revenue streams — animal feed, food ingredients, natural pigments — while at the same time working with Indigenous communities to solve logistics challenges and distribute value more equitably. Built on EBITDA discipline and co-benefits modelling from the outset, it demonstrated that nature-positive ventures can be designed for financial rigour rather than treating it as an afterthought.\n\n# Insights from the audience\n\nThe second part of the discussion focused on finding ideas and solutions with the audience through a breakout session. A recurring theme during the session was the modelling problem: what cannot be modelled cannot be financed. Participants observed that banks and institutional investors are structurally unable to deploy capital toward opportunities because they lack recognised financial models, even when real-world value is evident. Charitable and foundation capital were suggested as a bridging mechanism, as they are useful for catalytic seed funding that de-risks early-stage ventures and kick-starts scaling in local businesses, but are clearly insufficient at the volume required. Examples were raised of major corporations that identified nature-related risks, particularly around water, and moved collectively to address them, which unlocked investment in the process. The consensus was that technology is rarely the bottleneck; it is the business model that connects the dots, creates scalable impact and makes the return case legible to capital markets.\n\nThe most candid observation from the group was also the most structural: the problem of nature loss is not yet perceived as sufficiently large by the financial system to force decisive action. Until nature risk is priced into balance sheets with the same seriousness as climate risk, mainstream capital will continue to sit on the sidelines. The path forward lies in financial institutions developing novel frameworks that treat nature as a systemic financial risk, and participants agreed that this shift, even if slow, is already underway."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782377568/villars-institute/banner/innovation-pathways-nature-positive-investment_image__55158613513_9023e9b59b_o_gxssxc.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782377568/villars-institute/banner/innovation-pathways-nature-positive-investment_image__55158613513_9023e9b59b_o_gxssxc.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782377568/villars-institute/banner/innovation-pathways-nature-positive-investment_image__55158613513_9023e9b59b_o_gxssxc.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782377568/villars-institute/banner/innovation-pathways-nature-positive-investment_image__55158613513_9023e9b59b_o_gxssxc.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782377568/villars-institute/banner/innovation-pathways-nature-positive-investment_image__55158613513_9023e9b59b_o_gxssxc.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db4a","name":"Bottle Green","value":"#4A7D49"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-06-25T10:59:15.96","taxonomyLabel":"Planetary Boundaries","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3d0a038a980e41b9f2e259","path":"/perspectives/innovation-pathways-planetary-health-education-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"innovation-pathways-planetary-health-education-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Innovation Pathways: Planetary Health Education: Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-06-25T10:59:15.96","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"65d547fed5bcca2bcbc9ea62","name":"Matteo Markel","slug":"matteo-markel","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/matteo-markel","updated":"2026-09-01T09:18:50.37","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/matteo-markel","title":"Matteo Markel","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/matteo-markel_photo__matteo-markel_photo__OH7A2614_copy_2_wb8euj_cmunxi","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1753193599/villars-institute/person/matteo-markel_photo__matteo-markel_photo__OH7A2614_copy_2_wb8euj_cmunxi.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/matteo-markel_photo__matteo-markel_photo__OH7A2614_copy_2_wb8euj_cmunxi","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/matteo-markel_photo__matteo-markel_photo__OH7A2614_copy_2_wb8euj_cmunxi","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1753193599/villars-institute/person/matteo-markel_photo__matteo-markel_photo__OH7A2614_copy_2_wb8euj_cmunxi.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1753193599/villars-institute/person/matteo-markel_photo__matteo-markel_photo__OH7A2614_copy_2_wb8euj_cmunxi.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989843/villars-institute/banner/theme-planetary-health_image__theme-planetary-health.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99f","name":"Planetary Boundaries","slug":"planetary-boundaries"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\n\nThere is no doubt that climate change and similar systems issues are long-term challenges that must be addressed by means of an intergenerational approach. The speakers on this panel spanned not only a variety of disciplines and roles within the educational system, but also worked across generations, enabling a fruitful discussion on the value of education that is not only interdisciplinary, but also intergenerational.\n\nTraditional education involves educational inputs and teaching and expects outputs from students, while the focus of planetary health education is more long-term and aims to ensure schools prepare the next generation to lead the transition. One speaker kicked off the discussion with a novel perspective, considering education in economic terms, in which it can be classified as a scarce good. Economists tend to think about goods in terms of who benefits, with private benefits going directly to the individual involved and external benefits to broader society. The current system prioritises the private benefit, but tends to ignore that strong education results in broader societal benefits. The speaker highlighted their organisation’s interest in addressing what they describe to be this ‘market failure’ by focusing on understanding how learning actually happens and working on improving collective capacity for planetary health education. A current model described involves collecting successful solutions through a global open call and disseminating these through a broader network. Among the learnings from conducting such an initiative, one speaker mentioned the challenge that more than half of education-related organisations are non-profits and a significant fraction of submitted solutions originated from government entities. This in and of itself may not seem like a challenge, but the speaker noted that public entities tend historically to be less capable of innovation, and given that sales-based models consisted of only 3% of submissions, there is an organisational concern that current options for planetary health education lean too significantly on grant and philanthropic funding. They thus argued that there is a need for a business case for systems thinking and planetary health education in order to make it broader-reaching and more impactful.\n\nAnother speaker shared insights into how embedding planetary health education can look in educational institutions and spoke about an alliance spreading planetary youth through regional hubs with education-related priorities. A key point was that the field is moving from discrete courses to educational ecosystems, embedding planetary health within existing courses and providing resources to incorporate the concepts deemed important into a wide variety of courses, especially those not directly related to climate or planetary health. The larger goal of this initiative involves catalysing solutions through growing community and developing open toolkits and shared textbooks for broader use. The speaker emphasised that, given our global context today, building an understanding of planetary health must be at the forefront of everyone’s thinking, regardless of the specific field an individual is working in.\n\nA business leader and entrepreneur presented on the importance of building skills that are geared towards addressing current challenges, contrasting how during the industrial era education systems were designed to optimise the extraction economy, whereas now, in the Anthropocene, education must prioritise granting individuals the skills to redesign energy, food and industry to sustain civilisation. The speaker spoke of an apprenticeship model that had gained traction, with three young students leading a group of professionals to develop a blueprint for a renewable energy and bioeconomy park in East Africa as a case study for what this new model of hands-on, systems-based education might look like.\n\nThe final speaker offered a unique perspective from an educational institution offering programming geared towards mid-career business professionals to equip them with the necessary planetary health skills in their professions. They noted a concerning trend in declining numbers of students enrolling in their programme in recent years, and also observed that out of a significant number of applicants, only one mentioned sustainability in their interview. This was presented as evidence suggesting that the skills conferred by planetary health education may not be sufficiently valued in the current political climate. It was noted that this may in part be due to market barriers that make addressing broad sustainability challenges difficult, leading to a retraction of global and corporate commitments.\n\nOverall, it was noted that the potential of education to deliver is significant, with major potential for contributions to institutional capability (both in building capacity and attracting private capital), supporting and shaping sectors, value chains or regional transition plans, as well as galvanising social support for action and enabling collaboration between institutions that are well informed on relevant topics, thus improving the potential for a positive impact.\n\n# Insights from the audience\n\nRich interventions from each of the speakers were followed by time for group discussion, often in collaboration with the speakers, to share ideas and brainstorm potential ways of better integrating planetary health education into existing educational frameworks. Among several surprising overarching themes of discussion were the pervasiveness of challenges in distributing planetary health education across educational levels, from high school through college level and into mid-career and professional stages. Informative discussions also led to an understanding that education on this topic has garnered a ‘woke’ connotation, and that moving beyond or breaking free of this narrative is critical to appealing to a broader audience. Furthermore, there is not only the belief that our economic system is equipped to tackle the present challenges being faced (according to data from an early 2003 survey shared by one of the speakers), but also the recognition that systemic change is necessary. Planetary health education is arguably one of the most powerful ways of implementing this type of change, helping not only to build trust across stakeholders, but also to ensure that both the current and next generation are equipped to handle these challenges."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782385081/villars-institute/banner/innovation-pathways-planetary-health-education_image__55158700274_efc4c9d721_o_g3eh6u.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782385081/villars-institute/banner/innovation-pathways-planetary-health-education_image__55158700274_efc4c9d721_o_g3eh6u.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782385081/villars-institute/banner/innovation-pathways-planetary-health-education_image__55158700274_efc4c9d721_o_g3eh6u.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782385081/villars-institute/banner/innovation-pathways-planetary-health-education_image__55158700274_efc4c9d721_o_g3eh6u.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782385081/villars-institute/banner/innovation-pathways-planetary-health-education_image__55158700274_efc4c9d721_o_g3eh6u.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db65","name":"Villars 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Shama","slug":"zlata-shama","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/zlata-shama","updated":"2026-06-04T14:53:36.28","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/zlata-shama","title":"Zlata Shama","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/zlata-shama_photo__zlata-shama_photo__B9C3F7C1-A0F9-4CA6-B616-252D9961E236_iaifor_y4hcuo","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1753193504/villars-institute/person/zlata-shama_photo__zlata-shama_photo__B9C3F7C1-A0F9-4CA6-B616-252D9961E236_iaifor_y4hcuo.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/zlata-shama_photo__zlata-shama_photo__B9C3F7C1-A0F9-4CA6-B616-252D9961E236_iaifor_y4hcuo","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/zlata-shama_photo__zlata-shama_photo__B9C3F7C1-A0F9-4CA6-B616-252D9961E236_iaifor_y4hcuo","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1753193504/villars-institute/person/zlata-shama_photo__zlata-shama_photo__B9C3F7C1-A0F9-4CA6-B616-252D9961E236_iaifor_y4hcuo.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1753193504/villars-institute/person/zlata-shama_photo__zlata-shama_photo__B9C3F7C1-A0F9-4CA6-B616-252D9961E236_iaifor_y4hcuo.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989832/villars-institute/banner/theme-emerging-technologies_image__theme-emerging-technologies.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99b","name":"Emerging Technologies","slug":"emerging-technologies"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\n\nThe experts discussed the transformative role of ecosystem services in rebuilding cooperation with nature. This session sought to explore how global trade can move beyond current approaches to reduce harmful spillovers and help drive a just, nature-positive transition.\n\nGlobal trade is entering a decisive phase in which its relationship with nature, climate and economic systems can no longer remain fragmented. While ecosystem services generate immense value—estimated in the tens of trillions annually—this value remains largely invisible in trade and financial systems. The absence of pricing mechanisms for nature continues to distort markets, allowing environmental degradation to persist as an embedded feature of economic activity. Many business models still depend on the externalisation of harm, where environmental costs are displaced geographically and socially, creating spillovers that are neither accounted for nor regulated. A central challenge lies in the persistent gap between commitments and implementation. International agreements and sustainability pledges have multiplied, but greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise. This reflects a structural problem: incentives to comply remain weak, while incentives to defect or “cheat” remain strong. The global system lacks sufficient discipline mechanisms to enforce accountability, despite the existence of trade rules and tariffs in other domains. Moving forward requires embedding stronger accountability frameworks into trade systems, ensuring that commitments translate into measurable outcomes.\n\nOne proposed approach involves mapping responsibility more clearly. A global commons stewardship framework could help identify where environmental harm originates and how it flows across borders. By visualising the global movement of spillover impacts, such a system would make visible the disconnection between production and consumption. This highlights a fundamental imbalance: the environmental costs of goods are often borne far from the markets where they are consumed. Addressing this requires not only pricing mechanisms for nature, but also coordinated systems to manage and reduce these spillovers at an international level. Trade itself presents both a challenge and an opportunity. It remains a critical pathway for economic growth and global integration, but it also carries embedded environmental risks. However, when structured effectively, trade can act as a lever for positive transformation. By promoting climate-positive goods, sustainable technologies and environmentally responsible supply chains, trade systems can help drive the transition towards sustainability. This requires governments to work together to remove harmful products from circulation while simultaneously encouraging positive alternatives through regulation, investment and standard-setting.\n\nCooperation is essential in this process. No single country can effectively reshape global trade alone. Fairness becomes a critical condition for success: without equitable participation, there is a risk of creating a two-tier global economy in which some countries advance while others are left behind. Shared responsibility must underpin the system, ensuring that all actors—governments, businesses and financial institutions—contribute to the transition in a balanced way. [a]\n\nFinance plays a decisive role in enabling this shift. The transition to a sustainable global economy is increasingly understood not only as an environmental challenge but as a question of capital allocation. Climate policy is no longer confined to environmental ministries; it is a core issue of global finance. Investment decisions, asset allocation strategies and financial flows determine whether sustainable practices can scale. Unlocking private capital is therefore essential, but it depends on policy credibility, clear frameworks and consistent signals from governments. Without these conditions, investment remains constrained, and the transition slows. This transformation must also extend across entire value chains. Sustainability policies cannot be limited to isolated sectors; they must apply throughout supply chains, influencing how goods are produced, transported and consumed. This requires alignment between national policies and international frameworks. At the same time, the transition must incorporate social dimensions that are often overlooked. Trade policies and environmental decisions have direct impacts on livelihoods, health and economic stability. However, these impacts vary significantly across regions and populations. A uniform approach to sustainability risks ignoring local realities, making it difficult to build public support. Translating complex environmental concepts into tangible benefits, such as improved health, reduced costs or economic opportunities, is therefore essential.\n\nThe role of the private sector is also critical. Businesses operate within complex global supply chains and are directly affected by regulatory changes. Encouraging them to adopt sustainable practices requires more than punitive measures. Providing incentives, creating new market opportunities and supporting innovation are often more effective than relying solely on restrictions. Financial institutions, in particular, must consider the broader impact of their investments and align their strategies with sustainability goals. This includes recognising the role of asset holders and ensuring that capital flows support long-term environmental and social outcomes.\n\n# Insights from the audience\n\nThe dynamics of global trade and sustainability reveal a fundamental coordination challenge. Environmental issues function as multi-actor dilemmas, where individual incentives often discourage collective action. Actors may benefit in the short term from non-cooperation, even when cooperation would lead to better long-term outcomes. This creates a persistent barrier to progress, as the system rewards behaviour that undermines shared goals. Overcoming this requires mechanisms that make cooperation more attractive, such as coalitions, shared standards and aligned incentives.\n\nCoalition-building emerges as a practical pathway forward. By grouping actors with shared interests, cooperation can become more feasible and beneficial. Companies, governments and institutions can work together to establish common frameworks, reducing the risks associated with unilateral action. These coalitions can also help address the complexity of global supply chains, where environmental and economic factors are deeply intertwined. Another critical issue lies in the imbalance between ambition and execution. While many frameworks and agreements exist, implementation remains inconsistent. The challenge is no longer a lack of ideas or commitments, but the absence of effective delivery mechanisms. This gap reflects deeper structural issues, including insufficient coordination, lack of accountability and limited resources. Addressing these barriers requires a stronger focus on practical action, supported by clear governance structures and sustained investment.\n\nLanguage and framing also play an important role in shaping outcomes. The concept of “sustainability” does not always resonate with broader audiences or decision-makers. Reframing the conversation in terms of economic security, stability or well-being may help drive engagement and action. This reflects a broader need to connect environmental goals with tangible human benefits, making them more relevant and compelling. Equity remains a central concern. The transition to a sustainable global economy must account for differences in capacity, development and vulnerability. Without careful design, policies risk exacerbating existing inequalities. Lower-income countries, in particular, face the challenge of balancing environmental goals with the need to protect livelihoods. Ensuring fairness requires targeted support, inclusive policies and mechanisms that distribute both costs and benefits more equitably. The complexity of global systems further complicates these efforts. Trade, finance and environmental systems are composed of many interconnected elements, each operating under different rules and incentives. Aligning these systems requires not only technical solutions but also strategic coordination across sectors and levels of governance. This includes identifying key leverage points, fostering collaboration and maintaining flexibility to adapt to changing conditions.The role of standards is particularly significant. Clear and consistent standards can provide a reference point for action, reducing uncertainty and enabling coordination. However, developing and enforcing such standards across diverse sectors and regions remains a challenge. They must be robust enough to drive change while flexible enough to accommodate different contexts.\n\nFinally, there is a growing recognition that innovation and engagement must extend beyond traditional actors. Businesses, investors and communities all play a role in shaping outcomes. Greater engagement across these groups can help mobilise resources, generate new ideas and build momentum for change. Supporting these efforts requires not only financial investment but also institutional backing and policy support."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782385314/villars-institute/banner/beyond-borders-trade-spillovers-and-the-next-phase-of-the-green-transition_image__55159905395_4e857306f0_o_pco2nn.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782385314/villars-institute/banner/beyond-borders-trade-spillovers-and-the-next-phase-of-the-green-transition_image__55159905395_4e857306f0_o_pco2nn.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782385314/villars-institute/banner/beyond-borders-trade-spillovers-and-the-next-phase-of-the-green-transition_image__55159905395_4e857306f0_o_pco2nn.png"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782385314/villars-institute/banner/beyond-borders-trade-spillovers-and-the-next-phase-of-the-green-transition_image__55159905395_4e857306f0_o_pco2nn.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782385314/villars-institute/banner/beyond-borders-trade-spillovers-and-the-next-phase-of-the-green-transition_image__55159905395_4e857306f0_o_pco2nn.png"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db51","name":"Dark Red","value":"#8C1815"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-06-25T11:11:37.24","taxonomyLabel":"Planetary Boundaries","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3d0ce98a980e41b9f2e273","path":"/perspectives/aligning-science-for-biodiversity-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"aligning-science-for-biodiversity-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Aligning Science for Biodiversity: Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-06-25T11:11:37.24","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"66169503e8b4e558b90f64b8","name":"Michael J. Davidsen","slug":"michael-j-davidsen","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/michael-davidsen","updated":"2026-04-09T18:03:04.54","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/michael-j-davidsen","title":"Michael J. 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The first key point identified by the team of panellists was that there exists a barrier to the support of the private sector in these metrics. The reason is simple: there are too many metrics available, and the private sector does not know which ones to use.\n\nFollowing this realisation, the experts presented ideas and their current progress, outlined in five concise points.\n\nThe current science is already sufficient. As members of the scientific community, the experts urged the notion of “act now, learn as we go” in order to make tangible progress. The research behind metrics is trustworthy, but the issue lies in their number and presentation. The role of a scientist is to facilitate the appraisal and use of principles and metrics. In today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape, there is no need to reinvent the wheel; numerous metrics already exist, and there is no time for new ones to be created. They may not add new value. Even worse, they may simply complicate the already complex nature of metrics. Because the market does not favour constant disruptions, changing metrics continuously would only slow convergence. Metrics must meet a scientific bar. This implies that metrics must be standardised, quantifiable, scalable and sensitive to investor timelines. Metrics should cover a broad scope, and there should not be too many. Another point raised was the notion of location-sensitive metrics, in particular for biodiversity protection. Because location matters, and not all big data is accurate at ecosystem level, metrics must also be spatially explicit; they must describe the location to which they are applicable. Metrics should link both global and local contexts. General global indicators and data may not always reflect local realities. Therefore, it is important to check at local levels, and not just rely on global predictors and indicators, when applying metrics. In response to this point, members of the audience emphasised the significance of new auditing methods and systems to provide accurate data at local levels. A key question raised was: when is data collected at the global scale? In answering this question, as mentioned by the audience, society will be able to “move the cursor” closer between complexity and rigour, theory and practicality. Excessively complex and costly methods and metrics are not the solution. Complex metrics require simple language. It was pointed out that more traditional methods, alongside continuously improving technology, would support scalable metrics. In fact, most companies are already measuring something in nature, perhaps not through highly complex methods, but this should be maintained. Insights from the audience\n\nFollowing the presentation and Q&A-style part of the panel discussion, individuals in the session were split into two groups and discussed a question raised at the beginning of the session: how can scientists effectively support convergence around metrics going forward?\n\nIn order to tackle this question, the audience focused on the real purpose of metrics. Their discussion centred around the idea that metrics are intended for the private sector, and that there is a growing demand for clarity among these stakeholders. Therefore, the importance of consensus and convergence around a small number of proposed metrics was emphasised. Another observation stood out: real success would come in the form of seeing thousands of companies seeking information about nature, and using this information to make real changes to their practices. Therefore, not only for clarity, but also for future success in the private sector, the scientific community must be able to identify the processes of measurement, not only the concepts of metrics.\n\nIn response to increasing transparency issues, a point about data monetisation was raised: who actually has ownership over the data?\n\nClosing the discussion, three words beginning with the letter “M” were emphasised by members of the audience: Metrics, Methods and Measurements. It is imperative that companies not only possess information about metrics, but also understand how to measure them. Greater access to knowledge on methods of measurement would reduce various costs for these companies—typically associated with time, research, labour, and opportunity costs linked to not following metrics. The session ended with a statement: the cost of inaction is greater than the cost of action, even if we make mistakes. That said, a learning-focused approach, with data-driven adaptive management, is critical to achieving the panellists’—and hopefully society’s—ultimate goal."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782385754/villars-institute/banner/aligning-science-for-biodiversity_image__55158615703_c40e0842b0_o_h4kwsd.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782385754/villars-institute/banner/aligning-science-for-biodiversity_image__55158615703_c40e0842b0_o_h4kwsd.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782385754/villars-institute/banner/aligning-science-for-biodiversity_image__55158615703_c40e0842b0_o_h4kwsd.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782385754/villars-institute/banner/aligning-science-for-biodiversity_image__55158615703_c40e0842b0_o_h4kwsd.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782385754/villars-institute/banner/aligning-science-for-biodiversity_image__55158615703_c40e0842b0_o_h4kwsd.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db65","name":"Villars Blue","value":"#0673BE"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-06-25T11:13:50.92","taxonomyLabel":"Net-Zero Emissions","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3d0d6e8a980e41b9f2e27f","path":"/perspectives/aligning-financing-for-climate-and-biodiversity-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"aligning-financing-for-climate-and-biodiversity-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Aligning Financing for Climate and Biodiversity: Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-06-25T11:13:50.92","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"6618e1d88b719b4872545bbd","name":"Ada Cevrim","slug":"ada-cevrim","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/ada-cevrim","updated":"2026-04-07T08:33:33.58","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/ada-cevrim","title":"Ada Cevrim","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/ada-cevrim-rapporteur_photo__IMG_6003_qzsplt","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1774349827/villars-institute/person/ada-cevrim-rapporteur_photo__IMG_6003_qzsplt.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/ada-cevrim-rapporteur_photo__IMG_6003_qzsplt","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/ada-cevrim-rapporteur_photo__IMG_6003_qzsplt","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1774349827/villars-institute/person/ada-cevrim-rapporteur_photo__IMG_6003_qzsplt.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1774349827/villars-institute/person/ada-cevrim-rapporteur_photo__IMG_6003_qzsplt.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989840/villars-institute/banner/theme-net-zero-economy_image__theme-net-zero-economy.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99e","name":"Net-Zero Emissions","slug":"net-zero-emissions"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\nSpeakers described progress through a series of steps:\n\nFirst, we must understand nature’s role\nThen, we must obtain methods to measure it\nUsing these methods, we must incorporate it into accounting systems\nAnd ultimately, through these, we must influence financial flows and policy\nYet achieving this will be far from easy. There is a huge gap between valuation and action. Although methods for assessing and reporting nature-related impacts are advancing, there is still a gap in translating these into investment decisions, pricing mechanisms, or regulatory change. This is currently one of the most critical obstacles to aligning finance with biodiversity.\n\nThe speakers framed this not simply as a technical issue, but a systemic one. Although there is data, metrics and frameworks in place, they are not being meaningfully implemented. To achieve meaningful change, alignment across institutions—financial, governance, scientific and regulatory—is necessary. Nature-positive finance requires coordination across the system as a whole.\n\nAnother key idea raised was the difference between recognising nature’s importance and designing systems that enable finance to take it into account. Nature is already materially valuable. It supports supply chains, stabilises climates and sustains human systems. However, the problem is that its value is rarely recognised; most importantly, the risks of not recognising this value are not discussed enough. The future of finance may depend on integrating concepts such as resilience, scarcity and long-term ecological function into how value itself is understood.\n\nSpeakers also emphasised how biodiversity finance must be adapted based on the ecosystem in question. Different ecosystems (e.g. agricultural landscapes, shared working areas, large natural areas) require different approaches (e.g. governance structures, financing approaches). Nature cannot be treated as one uniform category. Instead, aligning finance with biodiversity will require context-specific approaches that consider each location’s ecological, social and economic differences.\n\nAccountability was another challenge raised. While there has been an increase in nature-centred proposals, action has not followed at the same pace. For real results to happen, solutions need to be tied to incentives, capital allocation and regulatory expectations. This requires creating stronger links between corporate actions within value chains and public and financial accounting systems.\n\nThe discussion also broadened the definition of what counts as “nature finance.” Speakers highlighted opportunities within existing sectors and supply chains that can be adapted more widely, such as mitigation banking, which already exists in the US but is not yet widely adopted. Through this perspective, several priorities emerged for financial institutions: building an internal understanding of nature-related risks and opportunities, using transition planning to uncover overlooked investments, leveraging existing data more effectively, promoting innovation in financial products, and forming coalitions across sectors. The underlying message was that progress is not only achieved by generating new tools, but also by using existing ones in more strategic ways.\n\nOverall, the speakers outlined the need for a shift in perspective. Nature must begin to be understood as a foundational component of value, risk and resilience. Finance, in turn, must shift from fragmented efforts to a more unified system.\n\n# Insights from the audience\n\nThe moderator asked each table to identify three actionable ideas to take forward in aligning finance with biodiversity and climate. Later, each group was asked to share these ideas. One recurring theme was the need for clearer, more transferable models. Participants pointed to examples where ecological value has been translated into financial mechanisms and questioned why such approaches remain limited in scope or geography. One example discussed was policy frameworks that assign monetary value to natural assets, such as trees, so that when they are cut down, compensation payments are directed into designated funds for restoration or conservation, as seen in Switzerland.\n\nAnother tension identified by the audience concerned the types of opportunities that attract capital. Participants noted that current approaches may favour solutions that are easily monetisable, often through technology. However, these approaches also tend to undervalue the importance of governance, stewardship and social systems, despite ecological resilience often depending on them. This raises questions about whether financial systems are well suited to support all required actions, or whether broader systemic change is required.\n\nAn important contribution from the audience was the reframing of value through risk, and the lack of risk currently being taken. One participant explained how biodiversity can also be understood in terms of avoided loss. Ecosystem degradation generates material risks in many ways (e.g. supply chain disruption, climate impacts, asset damage), while restoration can build resilience and reduce liabilities. Through this perspective, nature gains value through protection.\n\nOne group raised an important ethical consideration. If ecosystems begin to be viewed as financial assets, this consequently poses significant risks. The financialisation of nature risks exploitation and the marginalisation of local and Indigenous communities, while also potentially reinforcing inequalities. Therefore, ownership, governance and distribution must be carefully considered when designing and implementing nature-positive finance. Local perspectives and stakeholder engagement should remain a priority in managing these risks.\n\nAlthough several ideas were discussed, the following emerged as areas where there was clear commitment for action, while recognising that many others require further exploration:\n\nRecognising nature as an asset class on public and private balance sheets\nCatalysing more Natural Asset Companies (NACs)\nSystems framing of nature, economy and society to help identify the many roles of finance in achieving balance and sustainability\nWriting a letter to the Norges Investment Fund encouraging it to place pressure on other pension funds\nVillars Fellow engagement to highlight companies performing well on nature metrics\nInvestigating why mitigation banking is primarily taking place in the US\nThe session ultimately highlighted one of the biggest challenges of the coming decade. The knowledge, tools and frameworks needed to value nature are advancing rapidly. The next step is ensuring that this knowledge is translated into systems capable of acting on it. Bridging this gap is critical. It may determine whether finance continues to remain in tension with nature or finally begins to align with the conditions that sustain it."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782385975/villars-institute/banner/aligning-financing-for-climate-and-biodiversity_image__55158456551_448843012f_o_awduoy.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782385975/villars-institute/banner/aligning-financing-for-climate-and-biodiversity_image__55158456551_448843012f_o_awduoy.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782385975/villars-institute/banner/aligning-financing-for-climate-and-biodiversity_image__55158456551_448843012f_o_awduoy.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782385975/villars-institute/banner/aligning-financing-for-climate-and-biodiversity_image__55158456551_448843012f_o_awduoy.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782385975/villars-institute/banner/aligning-financing-for-climate-and-biodiversity_image__55158456551_448843012f_o_awduoy.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5a","name":"Light Blue","value":"#00B5D5"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-06-25T11:18:38.45","taxonomyLabel":"Nature Positive","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3d0e8e8a980e41b9f2e28b","path":"/perspectives/aligning-the-implementation-of-metrics-and-indicators-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"aligning-the-implementation-of-metrics-and-indicators-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Aligning the Implementation of Metrics and Indicators: Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-06-25T11:18:38.45","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"67cac57d3c02c668d5a4a64a","name":"Ana\tCastillo","slug":"ana-castillo","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/ana-castillo","updated":"2026-03-20T09:53:44.02","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/ana-castillo","title":"Ana\tCastillo","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/ana-castillo_photo__photo_villars_whloit","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1773773449/villars-institute/person/ana-castillo_photo__photo_villars_whloit.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/ana-castillo_photo__photo_villars_whloit","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/ana-castillo_photo__photo_villars_whloit","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1773773449/villars-institute/person/ana-castillo_photo__photo_villars_whloit.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1773773449/villars-institute/person/ana-castillo_photo__photo_villars_whloit.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989838/villars-institute/banner/theme-nature-based-solutions_image__theme-nature-based-solutions.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99d","name":"Nature Positive","slug":"nature-positive"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\n\nThe tools, the data, and the standards are, for the most part, already in place. What is still missing is their coherent application. This session on aligning the implementation of metrics and indicators brought this tension into sharp focus through an open discussion brainstorming ways to close the implementation gap.\n\nMore specifically, the discussion focused on identifying some of the major obstacles slowing progress and how they can be addressed in order to turn isolated reports into coordinated action. The conversation repeatedly returned to the same fault lines.\n\nThe systems, data and frameworks largely already exist, and the real challenge is to:\n\nAlign them There is sufficient data to begin acting; however, some of its key gaps include accessibility, limited verification affecting reliability, and practical application for businesses. The priority should be to harmonise and apply existing data, not create more. Companies are increasingly identifying environmental risks, but this is not translating into action or the allocation of capital. Closing the gap between risk recognition and financial response is crucial. This can be improved through better accountability and links back to the data issue, as without transparency governments cannot hold companies accountable.\nSimplify them Climate, land and biodiversity are still being treated as separate agendas. Lack of standardisation and interoperability creates unnecessarily complex and disconnected frameworks. A more integrated, system-wide approach is needed to avoid unintentional trade-offs. Misalignment across the Rio Conventions creates fragmentation and inefficiency, leaving businesses to deal with complex metrics and frameworks as well as disconnected reporting systems. Greater coordination and metrics compatible across systems are needed ahead of COP17.\nUse them! Progress cannot happen without collaborative action across sectors, improved accessibility of data, common standards, and the creation of joint frameworks. Incentives drive action. Businesses typically act when regulation requires it or when there is a clear financial risk or opportunity. Stronger incentives and clearer proof of tangible benefits are needed to accelerate change. Taking action for the environment requires, to some extent, behavioural and cultural change. Skepticism, lack of strong financial incentives, and limited regulation are making this type of behavioural shift significantly harder than it should be, especially at board and CEO level. Good governance, trust built through transparency and measurable impact, and most importantly multilateral collaboration are fundamental for the shift needed in the way businesses make decisions.\n\nBottom line: The goal is to create frictionless systems that make it easy for companies to act, with the main pillar of the solution resting on multilateral collaboration across sectors.\n\n# Insights from the audience\n\nThe moderator split the room into table-group conversations to brainstorm solutions to the issues that had just been identified.\n\nIn these table groups, the same frustrations quickly surfaced. However, the conversations focused more on the tension between the identified obstacles and the reality of business decision-making. Participants pointed out several barriers, the most prominent being accessibility. Data needs to be free, visible and practically applicable if it is to move from report to boardroom. But even where data is available, it struggles to reach the daily operations of most companies, for whom nature and biodiversity metrics remain abstract and distant from core business concerns.\n\nThe underlying problem, participants noted, is not simply technical but also cultural and behavioural.\n\nGetting senior decision-makers to acknowledge the urgency and importance of nature risks remains a significant challenge. Without acknowledgement at leadership level, capital will not move. The thorny question of accountability also surfaced: to what extent is it the private sector’s responsibility to determine what matters most, and who should be setting that agenda?\n\nThe group was clear on one point. Businesses will not act unless compelled to, whether by investor demand, regulatory requirement, customer pressure, or genuine threat to the business itself. And if something cannot be measured and priced, it will not be invested in.\n\nFrom this discussion, nine priorities for progress emerged:\n\nMetrics that carry practical meaning for businesses to apply\nSimplification of existing frameworks\nScience-based decision-support tools that are genuinely accessible\nTarget-setting adjusted to nature’s timescales, not business cycles, as environmental systems work long term while businesses often work short term\nLeadership that actively requests nature reporting\nA cultural shift toward open data sharing\nBehavioural change at an organisational level\nRobust data verification to counter misinformation and build trust in reliability\nStronger and clearer incentives for action\n\nWhat the session made clear above all is that this is not a problem any single actor can solve. Closing the implementation gap will require governments, businesses and the financial sector to move together, aligning not just their metrics, but also their priorities, timescales and commitment to transparency. The architecture for that collaboration exists. The moment to use it is now."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782386142/villars-institute/banner/aligning-the-implementation-of-metrics-and-indicators_image__55158456476_bc420626ca_o_zxmthf.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782386142/villars-institute/banner/aligning-the-implementation-of-metrics-and-indicators_image__55158456476_bc420626ca_o_zxmthf.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782386142/villars-institute/banner/aligning-the-implementation-of-metrics-and-indicators_image__55158456476_bc420626ca_o_zxmthf.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782386142/villars-institute/banner/aligning-the-implementation-of-metrics-and-indicators_image__55158456476_bc420626ca_o_zxmthf.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782386142/villars-institute/banner/aligning-the-implementation-of-metrics-and-indicators_image__55158456476_bc420626ca_o_zxmthf.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db4a","name":"Bottle Green","value":"#4A7D49"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-06-25T11:21:24.15","taxonomyLabel":"Nature Positive","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3d0f348a980e41b9f2e297","path":"/perspectives/aligning-the-narrative-for-nature-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"aligning-the-narrative-for-nature-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Aligning the Narrative for Nature: Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-06-25T11:21:24.15","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"67cb162335b355aa60d8988e","name":"Laura Bürli","slug":"laura-burli","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/laura-burli","updated":"2026-08-27T13:21:55.05","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/laura-burli","title":"Laura Bürli","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/laura-burli_photo__Profile_Photo_ufqvhp","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1745845542/villars-institute/person/laura-burli_photo__Profile_Photo_ufqvhp.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/laura-burli_photo__Profile_Photo_ufqvhp","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/laura-burli_photo__Profile_Photo_ufqvhp","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1745845542/villars-institute/person/laura-burli_photo__Profile_Photo_ufqvhp.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1745845542/villars-institute/person/laura-burli_photo__Profile_Photo_ufqvhp.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989838/villars-institute/banner/theme-nature-based-solutions_image__theme-nature-based-solutions.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99d","name":"Nature Positive","slug":"nature-positive"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\nThe first speaker initiated the dialogue by highlighting how culture is the greatest weapon to get important ideas across. The approach to delivering the desired outcome is detailed: a huge and successful educational, environmental documentary is presented to “make a splash”. It raises awareness, which is the initial vague impact. Underneath this, an impact campaign is started through advocacy screenings to create investment, creating a direct impact. This impact can be obtained through creating smaller films. The company “Open Planet” facilitates this model: footage that is filmed but not shown in the published film is offered to be used for free use. The making of high-quality footage is the expensive component in filmmaking. From the footage recorded for one film, one thousand different shorter films could be made to help encourage funding for the projects they depict. Various examples of successful stories of larger films were presented, including “Ivory Game”, which depicted the impact of elephant poaching and the ivory trade. It was specifically aimed at China, which had a large ivory trade market, and it was successful: one year after the film’s release, China banned imports of ivory, a significant step in the reduction of legal ivory trade.\n\nAnother speaker brought up the relevance of gardens as a storyboard. Conservation efforts are often focused on the wild places. Nevertheless, gardens should also be considered because they make large contributions to environmental protection. A study in the United Kingdom revealed that there are 900’000 hectares of gardens nationally, making up three times the land of the UK’s nature reserves. At this scale, their management is significant, especially when considering how many of them are paved over and covered by plastic. Gardening itself has benefits for mental and physical health, social cohesion, and the environment. A major example of its impacts is the Royal Horticultural Society’s “Chelsea Flower Show”. In 2022, a rewilding garden, the first ever presented at the show, was awarded “Best in Show”. It was received with responses of outrage and delight, and helped to shift the conversation around gardens, particularly on weeds. Gardens are a reflection of society, and lately, gardens at the Chelsea Flower Show have started to look more natural. As more gardens represent the concerns for the environment in these shows, it also leads to more such conversations.\n\nThe next speaker presented a compelling point in relation to constructing the narrative for nature: scientists must seek out help from those who can evoke emotions, rather than just share facts. “Fact Attack!” is a concept that was described: facts that go against personal beliefs create the same effect in the brain as being physically attacked. The brain works to “fight” it by trying to prove it wrong. Creating a physical or visual method to present data can help encourage conversation instead. The way forward also requires new ways to tell the same story. For example, the story of deforestation in the Amazon Forrest has been told for many years now. An installation at the World Economic Forum in 2026 was aimed at telling the Amazon forest’s story in a new way: the installation “Forestate” presented real-time data visualisation of the loss of forested land in the Amazon. The speaker underlined that we have a fragile future, where we need to make the threats relatable, tangible, personal and actionable to encourage change. If something is unimaginable, it becomes “un-actionable”, which is why facilitating imagination is the goal of the narrative.\n\n# Insights from the audience\nA provocation from the audience addressed the balance between the framing of the problem and the entertainment value. The speakers discussed how creating a complete and engaging narrative arc requires the presentation of a problem, a challenge, and a solution. The inclusion of an emotional arc and the need to keep surprising the audience are just as important. The challenge is deciding the sequence of the complete narrative, ending in an active place of hope and belief in the solution. A focus of the discussion was audiences: how to choose them, whether they should be segmented, and the expected outcomes after evoking the emotions of a well-told story. It was suggested to focus on how the story can impact a tipping point and affect change through it. However, it may be more difficult to empower the audience. Bringing the problem and the goal close to them, either physically with an art installation or through film, helps people to care.\n\nThe closing statement focused on the importance of creating an engaging format when sharing information to grab people’s attention, while helping people with the interpretation of the message shared. In a film, the choice is between making a direct statement or posing a question (with an ideal answer): making a statement is a bolder move and can encourage more change."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782386432/villars-institute/banner/aligning-the-narrative-for-nature_image__55158699964_b488d10d1d_o_yluyca.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782386432/villars-institute/banner/aligning-the-narrative-for-nature_image__55158699964_b488d10d1d_o_yluyca.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782386432/villars-institute/banner/aligning-the-narrative-for-nature_image__55158699964_b488d10d1d_o_yluyca.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782386432/villars-institute/banner/aligning-the-narrative-for-nature_image__55158699964_b488d10d1d_o_yluyca.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782386432/villars-institute/banner/aligning-the-narrative-for-nature_image__55158699964_b488d10d1d_o_yluyca.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db4a","name":"Bottle Green","value":"#4A7D49"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-10-01T07:16:21.70","taxonomyLabel":"Systems Leadership","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a3d0fc68a980e41b9f2e2a3","path":"/perspectives/accelerating-systems-change-from-villars-villars-rapporteur-report-villars-summit-2026","slug":"accelerating-systems-change-from-villars-villars-rapporteur-report-villars-summit-2026","name":"Accelerating Systems Change from Villars: Villars Rapporteur Report | Villars Summit 2026","published":"2026-10-01T07:16:21.70","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"65d547fed5bcca2bcbc9ea5e","name":"Mathis Lecomte","slug":"mathis-lecomte","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/mathis-lecomte","updated":"2026-04-07T08:35:05.14","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/mathis-lecomte","title":"Mathis Lecomte","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/mathis-lecomte_photo___VG_8222-4_mutlqj","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1771595134/villars-institute/person/mathis-lecomte_photo___VG_8222-4_mutlqj.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/mathis-lecomte_photo___VG_8222-4_mutlqj","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/mathis-lecomte_photo___VG_8222-4_mutlqj","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1771595134/villars-institute/person/mathis-lecomte_photo___VG_8222-4_mutlqj.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1771595134/villars-institute/person/mathis-lecomte_photo___VG_8222-4_mutlqj.png"}}}}},{"id":"65d547fdd5bcca2bcbc9e78e","name":"Anais Javelle","slug":"anais-javelle","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/anais-javelle","updated":"2026-05-19T13:54:02.17","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/anais-javelle","title":"Anais Javelle","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/anais-javelle_photo__0_v8usuo","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1762507059/villars-institute/person/anais-javelle_photo__0_v8usuo.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/anais-javelle_photo__0_v8usuo","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/anais-javelle_photo__0_v8usuo","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1762507059/villars-institute/person/anais-javelle_photo__0_v8usuo.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1762507059/villars-institute/person/anais-javelle_photo__0_v8usuo.png"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989845/villars-institute/banner/theme-systems-leadership_image__theme-systems-leadership.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d9a0","name":"Systems Leadership","slug":"systems-leadership"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\nThe closing plenary brought together the main threads of the Villars Summit 2026 and framed them as a call for collective action. A recurring message throughout the session was that systems change depends on moving from shared interest to shared purpose. Participants were reminded that real progress will not come from isolated expertise alone, but from communities that combine analytical intelligence with emotional intelligence, building the trust, confidence and shared responsibility needed for systems leadership. In that sense, the summit was presented not as an endpoint, but as the beginning of a longer journey of collaboration.\n\nSeveral ideas from across the summit were woven together in this final discussion. The first was the importance of feedback loops: participants stressed the need to reduce harmful reinforcing loops while amplifying positive ones, especially in the interconnected fields of biodiversity, climate, finance, technology and education. Another key idea was that innovation must be matched by implementation and integration. Whether the topic was AI for biodiversity, nature-positive investment, tokenisation of nature, planetary health education, or new climate narratives, the message was consistent: progress requires these fields to work together rather than remain siloed. A strong theme was also the need to place nature at the centre of economic and political decision-making. One participant described the challenge of bringing nature onto the balance sheet and into mainstream financial systems, arguing that natural capital accounting, regulation and capital markets must advance together if nature is to be properly valued. Another highlighted the importance of practical implementation tools, such as roadmaps, to maintain public trust and turn ambition into action. This was illustrated through discussion of forests, land use, and the need for more countries to integrate deforestation and nature-related metrics into national planning and reporting.\n\nScience was presented as essential, but not sufficient on its own. One expert warned that even under optimistic scenarios, peak extinction could arrive within the next 20 to 30 years, making the coming decades decisive for what humanity leaves behind. This reinforced the urgency of better measurement, clearer indicators and more robust biodiversity data. At the same time, another contribution showed that storytelling also has a vital role: narratives, films and other forms of cultural communication can shift emotions, identity and public will in ways that data alone cannot. Together, these perspectives underscored that accelerating systems change requires not just better knowledge, but better ways of connecting knowledge, values and action.\n\n# Insights from the audience\n\nThe audience insights reflected both the diversity of the summit and the growing sense that meaningful change will only happen when disciplines, generations and sectors work together more intentionally. Across the parallel session reflections, one of the clearest messages was that complexity must be made usable. In discussions on biodiversity metrics, participants argued that the problem is not simply a lack of metrics, but the need for better methods, better measurement, and communication that is simple enough to guide action. Local and global realities are not always directly comparable, so measurement systems must be standardised, scalable and accessible without becoming detached from local context.\n\nIn discussions on AI for biodiversity, participants noted both the potential and the limitations of current data. Much biodiversity knowledge still comes from citizen science, which can leave major gaps and biases. However, new tools such as drones, camera traps, satellite imagery and AI-assisted analysis were seen as powerful ways to improve data quality and support better decisions. This optimism was balanced by a repeated reminder that technology must remain guided by human values, especially in emerging areas such as tokenising nature. The audience response suggested that participants do not want technological innovation for its own sake, but as part of a morally grounded effort to protect the natural world. Another major insight concerned the role of narrative. Participants were struck by examples showing that stories, films and creative campaigns can influence behaviour and even policy when they are carefully designed for the right audience. Rather than assuming facts alone will persuade people, speakers and audience members emphasised the importance of understanding identity, aspiration and trust. This was especially clear in reflections on agriculture and food systems, where changing practice may depend as much on who delivers the message and where it is shared as on the scientific evidence behind it. The broader insight was that effective storytelling is not secondary to systems change; it is one of the tools that makes systems change possible.\n\nFinally, the session left the audience with a strong sense of hope rooted in intergenerational exchange. Several reflections pointed to the unique value of bringing young people into direct conversation with practitioners and decision-makers. That exchange was seen not only as inspiring, but as evidence that new ideas can move from abstract concepts into mainstream discussion when communities are willing to listen across experience and perspective. The closing timbre was therefore both urgent and constructive: the challenges are immense, but the summit showed that the leaders, ideas and collaborative spirit needed to act are already present."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1782386588/villars-institute/banner/accelerating-systems-change-from-villars_image__55159767229_4162330637_o_ampjxa.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1782386588/villars-institute/banner/accelerating-systems-change-from-villars_image__55159767229_4162330637_o_ampjxa.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1782386588/villars-institute/banner/accelerating-systems-change-from-villars_image__55159767229_4162330637_o_ampjxa.png"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1782386588/villars-institute/banner/accelerating-systems-change-from-villars_image__55159767229_4162330637_o_ampjxa.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1782386588/villars-institute/banner/accelerating-systems-change-from-villars_image__55159767229_4162330637_o_ampjxa.png"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5c","name":"Light Brown","value":"#AA9B8C"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-07-06T09:43:12.100","taxonomyLabel":"Planetary Boundaries","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a4b78b087a6338fb88b41e3","path":"/perspectives/global-science-outlook-for-ocean-glaciers-poles-from-tipping-points-to-turning-points-a-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"global-science-outlook-for-ocean-glaciers-poles-from-tipping-points-to-turning-points-a-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Global Science Outlook for Ocean, Glaciers & Poles: From Tipping Points to Turning Points: A Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-07-06T09:43:12.100","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"699ee8096e8acca821167c14","name":"Chukwuebuka Edum ","slug":"chukwuebuka-edum","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/chukwuebuka-edum","updated":"2026-04-07T08:37:52.19","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/chukwuebuka-edum","title":"Chukwuebuka Edum ","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/chuks_photo__PR_bjlwo3","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1772885933/villars-institute/person/chuks_photo__PR_bjlwo3.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/chuks_photo__PR_bjlwo3","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/chuks_photo__PR_bjlwo3","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1772885933/villars-institute/person/chuks_photo__PR_bjlwo3.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1772885933/villars-institute/person/chuks_photo__PR_bjlwo3.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989843/villars-institute/banner/theme-planetary-health_image__theme-planetary-health.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99f","name":"Planetary Boundaries","slug":"planetary-boundaries"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\nThe speakers opened with a big-picture perspective, reminding us that human’s existence is a blink of an eye compared to the ocean existence on the planet. This helps put into context the vast history and importance of the ocean to life on Earth. They stressed how critical the ocean is: without it, Earth would be lifeless. Ocean is portrayed as the earth’s most precious asset, fundamental to the planet’s vitality. A recurring theme was the tension between exploration and exploitation. Historically, ocean exploration has often been tied to resource extraction, including oil and fisheries. However, emerging scientific insights reveal the immense ecological value of marine life. For instance, whales were highlighted as major contributors to carbon sequestration, with an estimated global value in the trillions. The speakers noted recent regulations and initiatives, particularly with initiatives such as the “30x30” biodiversity target, which aims to protect 30% of the planet’s land and oceans. Marine protected areas, such as the Ross Sea, were cited as examples of growing international commitment. Encouragingly, countries like Chile and Brazil are expanding their contributions to ocean conservation, suggesting a “contagious” effect of environmental protection efforts. However, speakers warned that current efforts remain insufficient in the face of accelerating environmental decline. Scientific evidence shows a strong correlation between socio-economic development and environmental degradation, particularly since the mid-20th century—a period described as the “Great Acceleration.” With less than four years of the global carbon budget remaining to stay within the 1.5°C target, the urgency of action is undeniable. The concept of planetary tipping points was central to the discussion. These thresholds, once crossed, can lead to irreversible environmental changes. Yet, speakers also introduced the idea of “positive tipping points”—moments where systemic change can accelerate beneficial outcomes. Examples included coral reef restoration and technological innovations that promote sustainability. Achieving such tipping points requires key leverage mechanisms, including enhanced social learning, revaluation of nature, and alignment of societal values with ecological limits. Finally, the discussion turned to solutions. While geoengineering was acknowledged as a spectrum of interventions, it was largely criticized for its risks and uncertainties. Speakers questioned the feasibility of managing its unintended consequences, especially given current failures to address existing environmental harms. Instead, nature-based solutions were presented as the most viable and sustainable pathway for climate mitigation and ecosystem recovery.\n\n# Insights from the audience\nThe audience contributions brought a critical and often candid perspective to the discussion, particularly regarding governance, communication, and individual responsibility. A key concern raised was the role of political leadership in addressing environmental challenges. Participants expressed frustration with what they described as inadequate or even counterproductive leadership, questioning how meaningful progress can be achieved in a context where decision-makers may lack commitment or accountability. Another significant theme was the role of individuals in driving change. While there is widespread awareness of climate risks, participants noted a disconnect between knowledge and behavior. Concepts such as “eco-blindness”—the tendency to overlook environmental impacts in daily decision-making—were highlighted as barriers to action. This suggests that behavioral change remains a critical, yet underdeveloped, component of climate strategies. Communication emerged as a central challenge. Despite growing scientific evidence and advocacy efforts, many citizens remain disengaged or unconvinced. Participants emphasized that climate and environmental issues are still perceived as niche concerns, rather than mainstream priorities. This communication gap limits public support for necessary policy measures and slows the transition to sustainable practices. Geopolitical dynamics were also discussed, particularly the impact of conflicts on environmental priorities. Wars and global tensions can divert funding and political attention away from climate action, undermining long-term sustainability goals. This highlights the vulnerability of environmental agendas to broader political and economic pressures. The role of technology, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), was another point of discussion. While AI has the potential to enhance decision-making and modeling, participants stressed the importance of high-quality data. There was a strong consensus that physical data collection—through expeditions and direct observation—remains essential. Technological tools should complement, rather than replace, empirical research. Overall, the audience contributions reinforced the complexity of environmental challenges, emphasizing that solutions must address not only scientific and technological dimensions, but also political, social, and behavioral factors. The discussions highlighted a need for more inclusive and effective communication strategies, stronger leadership, and greater alignment between individual actions and collective goals."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1783330932/villars-institute/banner/c-3_image__55151739776_2b52f83821_o_cgbyua.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1783330932/villars-institute/banner/c-3_image__55151739776_2b52f83821_o_cgbyua.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1783330932/villars-institute/banner/c-3_image__55151739776_2b52f83821_o_cgbyua.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1783330932/villars-institute/banner/c-3_image__55151739776_2b52f83821_o_cgbyua.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1783330932/villars-institute/banner/c-3_image__55151739776_2b52f83821_o_cgbyua.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db65","name":"Villars Blue","value":"#0673BE"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-07-06T09:47:39.98","taxonomyLabel":"Emerging Technologies","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a4b79bb87a6338fb88b41f3","path":"/perspectives/turning-points-for-ocean-glaciers-poles-ai-data-intelligence","slug":"turning-points-for-ocean-glaciers-poles-ai-data-intelligence","name":"Turning Points for Ocean, Glaciers & Poles: AI & Data Intelligence","published":"2026-07-06T09:47:39.98","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"661692bbe8b4e558b90f6383","name":"Everett Johnson","slug":"everett-johnson","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/everett-johnson","updated":"2026-04-07T08:31:48.33","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/everett-johnson","title":"Everett Johnson","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/everett-johnson-rapporteur_photo__IMG_6431_nwblue","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1773658579/villars-institute/person/everett-johnson-rapporteur_photo__IMG_6431_nwblue.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/everett-johnson-rapporteur_photo__IMG_6431_nwblue","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/everett-johnson-rapporteur_photo__IMG_6431_nwblue","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1773658579/villars-institute/person/everett-johnson-rapporteur_photo__IMG_6431_nwblue.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1773658579/villars-institute/person/everett-johnson-rapporteur_photo__IMG_6431_nwblue.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989832/villars-institute/banner/theme-emerging-technologies_image__theme-emerging-technologies.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99b","name":"Emerging Technologies","slug":"emerging-technologies"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\nArtificial Intelligence is a complex and potentially emotionally fraught topic. Climate and AI are a double-edged sword. And it feels like AI is happening to us. Most of the ‘AI’ being used is generative AI, but applied AI, once called advanced analytics, is lagging, not for technological reasons, but political ones. These ideas framed the discussion on brainstorming a plan to leverage AI and data to benefit oceans, glaciers, and the poles.\n\nThe first speaker, an expert in climate and global development, currently working in technology, sketched the AI landscape. She detailed how, when AI fluency is developed within climate organizations, people on the ground can have agency and positively influence society. That this is how the climate community uses AI to build an ‘army of good.’ That we need not be frightened, and that we ought to embrace the benefits of new technology.\n\nThe second expert, experienced in biodiversity monitoring and conservation implementation, opened: What is going to occur when we don’t have adequate statistics to feed data models? How then do we acquire and amalgamate species data from all across the Earth? She noted that this is occurring, with the assistance of AI, but not aquatically. Compounding the problem is the nature of oceans; there are fewer occurrence points for oceanic species, raising further questions about how we quantify habitat in the ocean and impact on individual species.\n\nThe third speaker, working at the forefront of developing technology for monitoring biodiversity and planetary systems, asked: how can we collect data in larger spaces, over more time? And how can we have better tools at our disposal? The speaker acknowledged that sensors and our capabilities for analyzing data have progressed significantly recently, but that adoption of other sectors’ methods has been slow. A solution may be partnering with non-environmental companies on tools, including imaging, acoustics, and eDNA. The speaker advocated for involving groups outside the environmental space to increase scalability and heighten capabilities.\n\n# Insights from the audience\nThe audience split up to discuss the use of AI and data intelligence through three lenses.\n\nThe group focused on literacy and agency asked: How can we build AI capabilities? To effectively use AI, what capacities should different stakeholders have? Because of AI’s ability to quickly complete data analysis tasks and heighten frontline capabilities, someone asked if there could be initiatives to grow AI capacities. Some eagerly asked about what AI could mean for local partners. How can they use AI? Are there unintended consequences? Important questions, all asked while the pace of AI development presents a unique challenge to attaining fluency for local partners, while some boards desire AI adoption regardless of fit, and fundraising teams utilize AI models to determine who gets funded. Against this background, proposed solutions suggested organizations look beyond the upfront costs of AI adoption, instead to the cost of failure to adapt. The group also acknowledged the degree to which AI is the colonization of knowledge and data. Final thoughts centered around the understanding of the inevitability of AI adoption, and that we need to embrace it and discern how to do it responsibly, ethically, and expand access, or actors in the environmental space will be left behind.\n\nThe second group focused on potential solutions architects, and who we might be overlooking. First however, the concern that we already lack sufficient data, but training AI requires more, arose. A marine biologist shared their attempted to use AI to identify organisms populating specific environments, but that existing models needed to be reconfigured. Another shared that AI was useful in filling knowledge gaps on their small team. Someone followed this by sharing that they felt that AI could bring in perspectives from other sectors, for instance, granting a scientist a business perspective through an AI. The group concluded that AI will need more data to be used effectively at scale, but in the meantime, AI could be used to help startups and smaller organizations build solutions.\n\nThe third group discussed the ecosystem at large. Questions revolved around bridging the gap between scalable research and needing new data. Also, how to find ways to incorporate new data into models, and who should be involved? Discussion landed on incentives and adoption challenges. Seemingly, the main issue is that oceans data is going from ‘analogue’ to AI; the leap is tremendous. Furthermore, its development and implementation are only being perceived as an extra cost, and if that data doesn’t generate tangible benefits, the industry won’t reach a tipping point. So then, ventured an audience member, who are we missing at the table who really understands these incentives? And where and when does this data start creating value? Concluding thoughts were that there must be more effective data sharing; otherwise, weak observational data will get baked into AI models, leaving oceans data collection even further behind."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1783331211/villars-institute/banner/x-11_image__55151898198_f9d7035824_o_xbfbpp.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1783331211/villars-institute/banner/x-11_image__55151898198_f9d7035824_o_xbfbpp.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1783331211/villars-institute/banner/x-11_image__55151898198_f9d7035824_o_xbfbpp.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1783331211/villars-institute/banner/x-11_image__55151898198_f9d7035824_o_xbfbpp.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1783331211/villars-institute/banner/x-11_image__55151898198_f9d7035824_o_xbfbpp.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db51","name":"Dark Red","value":"#8C1815"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-07-09T11:20:24.42","taxonomyLabel":"Planetary Boundaries","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a4b7a2e87a6338fb88b41ff","path":"/perspectives/turning-points-for-ocean-glaciers-poles-science-policy-stewardship-a-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"turning-points-for-ocean-glaciers-poles-science-policy-stewardship-a-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Turning Points for Ocean, Glaciers & Poles: Science & Policy Stewardship: A Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-07-09T11:20:24.42","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"6809ecefafa62beccdd830e8","name":"Kseniia Nikitina","slug":"kseniia-nikitina","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/kseniia-nikitina","updated":"2026-04-07T08:36:12.75","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/kseniia-nikitina","title":"Kseniia Nikitina","image":null}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989843/villars-institute/banner/theme-planetary-health_image__theme-planetary-health.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99f","name":"Planetary Boundaries","slug":"planetary-boundaries"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\nWhen discussing how we can change the condition of our oceans, we often talk about starting with ourselves. However, when the goal is to reach a larger number of people, policy comes into play. And the next question would be: How do we connect science with policy?\n\nThe solution starts with training. For a long time, policy stewardship was lacking in the universities and the study programs. This means that someone who has a pure degree in oceanography may never have had any exposure to any coursework on policy. This leads to the need for innovation in the training of young scientists and in the definition of science itself. The next step would be developing exposure through partnerships and communication. In summary, we should aim for science that is youth-inspired, policy-relevant, and interdisciplinary. Another key to enhancing policy stewardship is facilitating the dialogue between policymakers and scientists. Overcoming the language barrier by making the communication more understandable and learning from each other's vocabularies enables better interaction not only between policy and science, but also between investors, decision makers, and society. One way of simplifying communication is by translating scientific knowledge and examples into narratives.\n\nWhat also shouldn’t be forgotten is that “scientists” are not one homogeneous group but consist of various disciplines, such as social scientists, economists, policy experts, lawyers, and finance experts. We need different disciplines to find solutions to our problems and create change. That is also why science and policy do not happen in sequence but work in parallel. Policymakers need science, and scientists must understand what policymakers need. This leads to what is called science-policy interaction. Policy is a tool that guides us to change. As the example of overfishing shows, “Our ocean is not overfished because of a lack of science”. The Montreal Protocol is a great example of implementing science into policymaking. However, the ocean is still a difficult area to govern because large parts lie beyond national jurisdiction. A possible solution would be something similar to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), but for the ocean.\n\n# Insights from the audience\nThe audience contributed a very detailed view on the parallel work of science and policy. Policy Does not operate on its own but must take a more holistic approach together with science. To achieve this, six elements should be implemented. The first one is the science itself, followed by education. The next elements are innovation and alternatives to current problems, followed by public engagement, and finally legislation and policy. Education of the future leaders, together with implementation, has a significant impact, because policy without implementation would not make a difference. Another important point is the messages. The content of the messages that scientists want to convey is important, but it is the messenger and the way the message is delivered that truly make an impact. That is the reason the right narrative should be developed to motivate people to act. The narrative should be understandable for various social groups, because it is not only policymakers who are involved, but also investors, corporations, governments, and the general population. Simplified language and a persuasive narrative are key to action. Acronyms and difficult scientific terms can discourage the public and demotivate them from continuing to learn about the topic.\nHowever, it is also the incentives for these different social groups that play an important role. An example was regarding scientists. They get enough incentives to publish papers and continue researching, but there are few incentives for them to actually create a real-world impact. Another important aspect is the path from science to policy. The chain consists of additional links, such as law and finance. The legislation enforces policy and obliges people to act. Effective communication with investors enables financial support for the implementation pf policy."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1783331326/villars-institute/banner/c-5_image__55151973114_ac32efdcd6_o_zimwvb.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1783331326/villars-institute/banner/c-5_image__55151973114_ac32efdcd6_o_zimwvb.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1783331326/villars-institute/banner/c-5_image__55151973114_ac32efdcd6_o_zimwvb.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1783331326/villars-institute/banner/c-5_image__55151973114_ac32efdcd6_o_zimwvb.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1783331326/villars-institute/banner/c-5_image__55151973114_ac32efdcd6_o_zimwvb.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db65","name":"Villars Blue","value":"#0673BE"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-07-09T11:21:00.82","taxonomyLabel":"Systems Leadership","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a4b7ad887a6338fb88b420b","path":"/perspectives/turning-points-for-ocean-glaciers-poles-science-system-dynamics-a-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"turning-points-for-ocean-glaciers-poles-science-system-dynamics-a-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Turning Points for Ocean, Glaciers & Poles: Science & System Dynamics: A Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-07-09T11:21:00.82","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"65d547fdd5bcca2bcbc9e95d","name":"Jens Thomsen ","slug":"jens-thomsen","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/jens-thomsen","updated":"2026-05-19T14:14:48.28","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/jens-thomsen","title":"Jens Thomsen ","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/jens-thomsen_photo__jens-thomsen_photo__OH7A2612_jzpcg3_xiarls","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1762506994/villars-institute/person/jens-thomsen_photo__jens-thomsen_photo__OH7A2612_jzpcg3_xiarls.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/jens-thomsen_photo__jens-thomsen_photo__OH7A2612_jzpcg3_xiarls","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/jens-thomsen_photo__jens-thomsen_photo__OH7A2612_jzpcg3_xiarls","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1762506994/villars-institute/person/jens-thomsen_photo__jens-thomsen_photo__OH7A2612_jzpcg3_xiarls.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1762506994/villars-institute/person/jens-thomsen_photo__jens-thomsen_photo__OH7A2612_jzpcg3_xiarls.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989845/villars-institute/banner/theme-systems-leadership_image__theme-systems-leadership.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d9a0","name":"Systems Leadership","slug":"systems-leadership"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"The session “Turning Points for Ocean, Glaciers & Poles: Science & System Dynamics” explored how fast-changing glacier and ocean systems are reshaping the Earth system, and what it would take to reach a real turning point, or where we may already be approaching some. It brought together different scientific perspectives, as well as civil society and corporate voices contributing to the discussion. What stood out most was not just what we are learning, but how little of that is being turned into action."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1783331463/villars-institute/banner/x-12_image__55152114000_20684f24b9_o_gzg3iw.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1783331463/villars-institute/banner/x-12_image__55152114000_20684f24b9_o_gzg3iw.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1783331463/villars-institute/banner/x-12_image__55152114000_20684f24b9_o_gzg3iw.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1783331463/villars-institute/banner/x-12_image__55152114000_20684f24b9_o_gzg3iw.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1783331463/villars-institute/banner/x-12_image__55152114000_20684f24b9_o_gzg3iw.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5c","name":"Light Brown","value":"#AA9B8C"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-07-06T09:54:48.23","taxonomyLabel":"Systems Leadership","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a4b7b6887a6338fb88b4217","path":"/perspectives/turning-points-for-ocean-glaciers-poles-standards-measurement-accountability-a-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"turning-points-for-ocean-glaciers-poles-standards-measurement-accountability-a-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Turning Points for Ocean, Glaciers & Poles: Standards, Measurement & Accountability: A Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-07-06T09:54:48.23","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"65d547fdd5bcca2bcbc9e8ba","name":"Eric Gee ","slug":"eric-gee","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/eric-gee","updated":"2026-03-25T01:17:08.84","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/eric-gee","title":"Eric Gee ","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1773669946/villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1773669946/villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1773669946/villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989845/villars-institute/banner/theme-systems-leadership_image__theme-systems-leadership.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d9a0","name":"Systems Leadership","slug":"systems-leadership"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas From the Speakers \nThis session focused on one of our biggest challenges in environmental action today: the gap between our ability to measure and understand nature and translating that knowledge into consistent, large-scale action. A shared question emerged: how do we move from data to decisions, and from decisions to meaningful change? The speakers talked about the role of glaciers in sustaining critical infrastructure, freshwater systems, and energy production, and how human systems are intertwined with these natural processes. Yet these systems are mostly absent from existing accountability frameworks. One reason for this is fragmentation and a lack of alignment across frameworks, methodologies, and metrics, making environmental data difficult to compare or operationalize. Complex scientific data can also be inaccessible to decision-makers and the general public, limiting their ability to help make any change or action. Storytelling can be a practical tool for connecting with “a layman’s perspective, looking at everyday users,” so everyone can understand how it affects them on a personal and day-to-day level. One suggestion was “a standard for calculating hidden water when you pour out half a cup of coffee, or you’re pouring out one that’s a liter of coffee, or the 11 liters it took to grow the coffee mix.” Translating metrics into tangible narratives can help make environmental impacts more immediate and actionable. In this sense, storytelling complements standardization: while standards create consistency, storytelling creates connection. Standards and frameworks were offered as potential turning points–by creating a shared language, they could build consistency and trust. This would help scale action across different sectors and geographies, though some areas like ocean systems, have data that is harder to access and measure consistently. \n\n# Insights From the Audience \n\nParticipants wondered if the current pace of developing standards and frameworks is compatible with the urgency of environmental change. Some expressed concern that waiting for perfect methodologies risks delaying action beyond critical thresholds. Others thought scientific robustness was needed to ensure credibility and avoid fragmentation. This tension revealed a deeper challenge: defining what is “good enough” to act. The pursuit of perfect data and comprehensive frameworks risks slowing progress. The issue of data accessibility also emerged as a significant challenge and barrier, along with the need for shared, open-access data infrastructures and standardized measurement protocols to reduce these barriers and encourage broader participation. There was a shared recognition that many of the necessary components for change are already in place. The challenge is less about inventing new solutions and more about connecting existing ones, and aligning science, standards, finance, and communication into a coherent system. This reframes the notion of a turning point. Rather than a distant future moment, it is something that can be actively shaped in the present through collaboration, simplification, and a willingness to act despite uncertainty. \n\n# Next Steps \n\nWhat was clear from this session is that there wasn’t a lack of knowledge, but a lack of connection and communication between data and decisions, science and people, and tools and action. Despite the limitations we’ve experienced, it also feels like we’re at a point where things could still shift, a turning point in our favor, if we start connecting the pieces. Standards and measurement frameworks can sound technical or even a bit removed from reality, but if reframed, they create a shared language that different groups can all work with (scientists, companies, policymakers). Right now, a lot of these tools are either too fragmented or too hard to access, which limits how useful they actually are, plus a lack of understanding of how this affects everyday lives. This is where storytelling started is both important and necessary. If people can’t understand what the data means in real terms, it’s hard to expect action or engagement. Translating something like water use or ecosystem loss into everyday terms makes it more tangible, and harder to ignore. It helps move things from abstract concepts to something that actually feels relevant. We don’t need new systems, but are challenged with making better use of what already exists. That could mean aligning frameworks more clearly, improving access to data, or just making things easier to understand and apply. There also needs to be more willingness to act without having everything perfectly defined. Waiting for perfect data or perfect standards might hold us back from moving forward or even innovating. Overall, the session suggested that turning points aren’t just something we’re approaching in the future, but something that can be shaped now. A lot will depend on whether we can connect science, communication, and decision-making in a way that actually invites action from everyone."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1783331632/villars-institute/banner/c-6_image__55150846177_0dd696bdae_b_vwnjf4.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1783331632/villars-institute/banner/c-6_image__55150846177_0dd696bdae_b_vwnjf4.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1783331632/villars-institute/banner/c-6_image__55150846177_0dd696bdae_b_vwnjf4.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1783331632/villars-institute/banner/c-6_image__55150846177_0dd696bdae_b_vwnjf4.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1783331632/villars-institute/banner/c-6_image__55150846177_0dd696bdae_b_vwnjf4.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5c","name":"Light Brown","value":"#AA9B8C"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-07-13T12:51:18.80","taxonomyLabel":"Nature Positive","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a4b7bf887a6338fb88b4223","path":"/perspectives/turning-points-for-ocean-glaciers-poles-a-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"turning-points-for-ocean-glaciers-poles-a-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Turning Points for Ocean, Glaciers & Poles: A Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-07-13T12:51:18.80","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"699ec9a16e8acca821167a6b","name":"Jason Dey","slug":"jason-dey","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/jason-dey","updated":"2026-04-07T08:39:05.61","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/jason-dey","title":"Jason Dey","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/jason-dey-villars-rapporteur_photo__2_Foto_Square_EN_yvm4si","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1772805040/villars-institute/person/jason-dey-villars-rapporteur_photo__2_Foto_Square_EN_yvm4si.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/jason-dey-villars-rapporteur_photo__2_Foto_Square_EN_yvm4si","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/jason-dey-villars-rapporteur_photo__2_Foto_Square_EN_yvm4si","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1772805040/villars-institute/person/jason-dey-villars-rapporteur_photo__2_Foto_Square_EN_yvm4si.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1772805040/villars-institute/person/jason-dey-villars-rapporteur_photo__2_Foto_Square_EN_yvm4si.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989838/villars-institute/banner/theme-nature-based-solutions_image__theme-nature-based-solutions.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99d","name":"Nature Positive","slug":"nature-positive"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"Oceans, glaciers, and polar systems regulate the Earth’s climate as major carbon sinks, yet are increasingly under pressure from climate change, biodiversity loss, and human activity. This session brought together perspectives across science, standards, data, and policy to explore what is required to move from understanding to effective action. The discussion focused on identifying key barriers and levers for change."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1783331783/villars-institute/banner/d-1_image__55151975644_1a7f613234_o_zx0hxs.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1783331783/villars-institute/banner/d-1_image__55151975644_1a7f613234_o_zx0hxs.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1783331783/villars-institute/banner/d-1_image__55151975644_1a7f613234_o_zx0hxs.png"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1783331783/villars-institute/banner/d-1_image__55151975644_1a7f613234_o_zx0hxs.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1783331783/villars-institute/banner/d-1_image__55151975644_1a7f613234_o_zx0hxs.png"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db4a","name":"Bottle Green","value":"#4A7D49"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-07-06T09:59:19.05","taxonomyLabel":"Nature Positive","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a4b7c7787a6338fb88b4232","path":"/perspectives/from-the-frontlines-tonga-2025-ocean-science-expedition-a-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"from-the-frontlines-tonga-2025-ocean-science-expedition-a-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"From the Frontlines: Tonga 2025 Ocean Science Expedition: A Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-07-06T09:59:19.05","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"699ec9086e8acca821167a41","name":"Ines Bächinger","slug":"ines-bachinger","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/ines-bachinger","updated":"2026-04-07T08:37:40.40","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/ines-bachinger","title":"Ines Bächinger","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/ines-bachinger-rapporteur_photo__1755764860087_khpyds","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1773138746/villars-institute/person/ines-bachinger-rapporteur_photo__1755764860087_khpyds.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/ines-bachinger-rapporteur_photo__1755764860087_khpyds","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/ines-bachinger-rapporteur_photo__1755764860087_khpyds","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1773138746/villars-institute/person/ines-bachinger-rapporteur_photo__1755764860087_khpyds.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1773138746/villars-institute/person/ines-bachinger-rapporteur_photo__1755764860087_khpyds.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989838/villars-institute/banner/theme-nature-based-solutions_image__theme-nature-based-solutions.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99d","name":"Nature Positive","slug":"nature-positive"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# The Tonga expedition in context\n\nIn August 2025, an international team of scientists, filmmakers, and conservationists travelled to Tonga with a shared mission: to observe, document, and better understand the lives of whales and the broader marine ecosystems they inhabit. The expedition combined scientific research, acoustic monitoring, genetic sampling, and community collaboration to deepen our knowledge of ocean life while promoting conservation. At its heart was a focus on the remarkable seasonal gathering of Humpback whale populations that migrate to the region to give birth and raise their calves.\n\nTonga provides a unique setting for such research. As one participant described it, the country is “99% ocean and 1% island,” a reminder of how deeply marine life defines the nation. The surrounding waters have been a whale sanctuary since 1978, a significant shift from earlier centuries when whales were primarily viewed as resources for human consumption. Historically, whales were hunted for commercial products such as oil and meat. Today, however, growing scientific knowledge and cultural awareness have helped transform public perception. Whales are increasingly recognized as intelligent, social animals with complex behaviours and even cultural traditions. This change in perspective has been driven in part by advances in research and documentary filmmaking. Scientists have learned that whale populations possess distinct vocal patterns, often described as songs, that vary by region. Individual whales may even have unique acoustic signatures. Such discoveries highlight the sophistication of whale communication and underscore how little humans once understood about these animals while exploiting them.\n\n# The activities in and out of the water\n\nThe Tonga expedition sought to build on this growing body of knowledge using methods designed to minimize disturbance to the animals. One of the primary tools used by the research team was acoustic monitoring. Hydrophones (underwater microphones) were deployed to capture the sounds of whales beneath the surface. Although the amount of audio collected was limited, the recordings revealed beautiful intricate patterns of whale songs and calls. These sounds helped researchers identify mothers and calves, map whale movements, and better understand how different whale populations interact across the ocean. The recordings also captured another, less welcome soundscape: human noise. Construction, fishing activity, and boat traffic generated significant underwater noise pollution. This highlights the growing impact of human activity even in remote ocean environments.\n\nVisual observation was another key component of the expedition. Researchers identified individual whales by studying their flukes: the distinctive patterns and shapes on the underside of their tails. Each whale’s fluke acts like a fingerprint, allowing scientists to track individuals over time. During the expedition, the team successfully identified more than thirty unique whales. They also documented ten mother–calf pairs, an encouraging sign that the region continues to serve as an important breeding ground. Working around calves required particular care. Young whales move constantly and stay close to their mothers, making identification difficult. Some mothers were cautious about human presence, and the researchers prioritized respectful, non-invasive observation. The team developed innovative techniques to collect calves skin samples indirectly from the mother’s skin, since both mother and calves remain in constant contact with eachother. Some photos revealed important biological information. Some whales bore bite marks from deep-sea sharks, providing clues about how deep they dive during migration. Scientists also observed ectoparasites such as barnacles and whale lice on fins and skin. These organisms offer valuable insights into whale health and migration patterns, as their presence can indicate where the animals have travelled.\n\nIn addition to studying the whales themselves, the expedition examined the broader marine ecosystem through environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling. By filtering seawater, scientists can capture genetic traces shed by organisms in the environment: ranging from phytoplankton to large vertebrates. This method allows researchers to identify species present in the area without directly observing them. The team detected approximately 860 different species, including 512 types of plankton and 348 vertebrates. Biodiversity was particularly high in shallow waters, though specialized species were found in both shallow and deeper areas. Among the species identified were around a dozen types of sharks, many of which are classified as vulnerable or critically endangered. The findings reinforced concerns about the health of global ocean ecosystems, especially given estimates that roughly 90 percent of shark populations have disappeared due to overfishing and habitat degradation.\n\n# \"Oceans connect us all\"\n\nDespite these challenges, the expedition emphasized hope and collaboration. All data collected during the research will be shared with the wider scientific community to support further study and conservation efforts. Because relatively little scientific data has historically been gathered in Tonga, the expedition represents an important step toward building a stronger knowledge base for the region. Equally important was the involvement of local communities and experts. Protecting the ocean requires cooperation between scientists, policymakers, and the people who live closest to these ecosystems. The team hopes their work will contribute to the creation of a Tonga Marine Center dedicated to research, conservation, and education. Ultimately, the expedition reinforced a powerful message: the ocean connects us all. From whale migrations that span entire hemispheres to microscopic DNA drifting through seawater, marine life forms a vast and interconnected network. Protecting it will require continued research, global cooperation, and a shared commitment to safeguarding the oceans for future generations."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1783331912/villars-institute/banner/s-1_image__55150848817_6bd4668515_o_kt1si7.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1783331912/villars-institute/banner/s-1_image__55150848817_6bd4668515_o_kt1si7.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1783331912/villars-institute/banner/s-1_image__55150848817_6bd4668515_o_kt1si7.png"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1783331912/villars-institute/banner/s-1_image__55150848817_6bd4668515_o_kt1si7.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1783331912/villars-institute/banner/s-1_image__55150848817_6bd4668515_o_kt1si7.png"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db4a","name":"Bottle Green","value":"#4A7D49"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-07-06T10:01:56.02","taxonomyLabel":"Planetary Boundaries","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a4b7d1487a6338fb88b423e","path":"/perspectives/our-living-ocean","slug":"our-living-ocean","name":"Our Living Ocean","published":"2026-07-06T10:01:56.02","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"69b4357dc9cd9c06e3576b45","name":"Lei-Ming Caine","slug":"lei-ming-caine","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/lei-ming-caine","updated":"2026-03-13T16:04:13.29","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/lei-ming-caine","title":"Lei-Ming 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Boundaries","slug":"planetary-boundaries"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"A visual journey into the living ocean, revealing its role in sustaining Earth’s systems and the urgency of safeguarding its future."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1783332053/villars-institute/banner/c-7_image__55153865600_c7fcf6cb43_o_gj7vit.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1783332053/villars-institute/banner/c-7_image__55153865600_c7fcf6cb43_o_gj7vit.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1783332053/villars-institute/banner/c-7_image__55153865600_c7fcf6cb43_o_gj7vit.png"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1783332053/villars-institute/banner/c-7_image__55153865600_c7fcf6cb43_o_gj7vit.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1783332053/villars-institute/banner/c-7_image__55153865600_c7fcf6cb43_o_gj7vit.png"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db65","name":"Villars Blue","value":"#0673BE"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-07-06T10:04:02.23","taxonomyLabel":"Systems Leadership","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a4b7d9287a6338fb88b424a","path":"/perspectives/the-power-of-narrative-for-our-blue-and-white-planet-a-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"the-power-of-narrative-for-our-blue-and-white-planet-a-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"The Power of Narrative for Our Blue and White Planet: A Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-07-06T10:04:02.23","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"699eca246e8acca821167a95","name":"Francis Samuel Godwyll","slug":"francis-samuel-godwyll","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/francis-samuel-godwyll","updated":"2026-04-07T08:38:05.77","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/francis-samuel-godwyll","title":"Francis Samuel Godwyll","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/francis-samuel-godwyll-rapporteur_photo__1771089158797_tcrevq","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1773138812/villars-institute/person/francis-samuel-godwyll-rapporteur_photo__1771089158797_tcrevq.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/francis-samuel-godwyll-rapporteur_photo__1771089158797_tcrevq","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/francis-samuel-godwyll-rapporteur_photo__1771089158797_tcrevq","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1773138812/villars-institute/person/francis-samuel-godwyll-rapporteur_photo__1771089158797_tcrevq.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1773138812/villars-institute/person/francis-samuel-godwyll-rapporteur_photo__1771089158797_tcrevq.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989845/villars-institute/banner/theme-systems-leadership_image__theme-systems-leadership.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d9a0","name":"Systems Leadership","slug":"systems-leadership"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\nThis session examined how storytelling can play a decisive role in driving environmental action, especially in relation to nature conservation and climate-related behavior change. Participants argued that while scientific facts are essential, they are not enough on their own to shift capital, policy, or public behavior at the scale required. Instead, stories that connect emotionally, reflect real human experience, and embrace complexity are needed to bridge the gap between knowledge and action. Beyond “Narrative Monocultures” The discussion challenged what some described as “narrative monocultures”: standardized, risk-averse communication formats that rely on familiar formulas of awe and fear. These narratives often focus on either wonder at the natural world or alarm about its destruction, without leaving space for nuance, uncertainty, or genuine human experience. Participants encouraged moving away from conventional, densely packed scientific presentations or one-way monologues. Instead, they advocated for diverse, “messy,” and authentic stories that prioritize human connection, emotional resonance, and surprise over clinical polish. The goal is not to abandon facts, but to embed them in narratives that people can relate to and remember. The Limits of ‘Fact-Only’ Communication A key theme was the failure of “fact-only” communication. Considerable resources in the conservation sector are devoted to gathering data, but far less is invested in crafting narratives that help people feel and act on this information. One practitioner’s experience illustrated this shift in thinking: early in their career, they believed that simply telling people “how bad things are” would be enough to spur change. Over time, they realized that this approach rarely shifts attitudes or behavior. Instead, effective storytelling should mirror the scientific process of discovery, taking audiences on a journey, rather than presenting only the final results. This point was reinforced by a comparison between two versions of the same documentary. In one country, a version that included unscripted moments of surprise and emotional reaction was widely successful. In another, an edited version that removed these “extraneous” human moments in favor of a more strictly scientific tone failed to connect with audiences. The lesson drawn was that authenticity and emotional engagement can matter as much as accuracy in reaching people. Authenticity, Surprise, and Risk Speakers emphasized that impactful environmental storytelling often requires taking risks and embracing vulnerability. Several elements were highlighted: • Surprise and genuine emotion: Unscripted reactions, such as a fisherman’s spontaneous response to encountering a whale, can be more memorable and persuasive than carefully scripted, high-budget scenes. • Embracing complexity: Many existing conservation stories function as hagiographies, presenting conservationists as flawless heroes. Participants argued for narratives that show the real, sometimes messy human side of this work, including doubts, trade-offs, and failures. • Refusing the “boring”: Drawing inspiration from artistic movements, there was a call to reject safe but dull content. Even at the risk of discomfort or controversy, more provocative and engaging storytelling may be necessary to spark genuine discussion and attention. The power of ordinary people and youth voices The session also highlighted the importance of ordinary individuals and citizen scientists. One case study described a large-scale volunteer effort to rescue tens of thousands of penguins after an oil spill. This example showed that when a story offers clarity of purpose and a concrete role for people to play, communities are capable of extraordinary mobilization. Youth voices were identified as particularly powerful. The moral clarity and directness of children and teenagers can cut through the confusion and complexity that often slows adult decision-making. Participants noted that a simple message from a young person symbolized as “tiny footprints” can sometimes have greater impact than technical arguments. Narratives by youth symbolize the long-term stakes and giving voice to those who will live longest with the consequences of today’s decisions. Co-creation and indigenous leadership A significant part of the conversation focused on shifting the narrative center away from external ‘experts’ and toward local and Indigenous voices. Effective marine and environmental conservation now increasingly involves: • Direct experience: Using tools like submersibles or other technologies to give local leaders and decision-makers first-hand exposure to their own ecosystems, creating a visceral basis for political and policy action. • Cultural context: Recognizing that local communities may protect nature for reasons different from global conservation targets. For example, a community might be motivated to protect a landscape to keep people safe from wildlife encounters, rather than for abstract biodiversity indicators. Conclusion The overarching message was that if the conservation community wants to move capital, policy, and public behavior, it must first move hearts. This requires narratives that are grounded in facts but driven by human experience, stories that leave people with not just information, but a compelling sense that acting to protect nature is the most meaningful and logical path forward.\n\n# Insights from the audience\nThere was no time for Q&A."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1783332189/villars-institute/banner/d-2_image__55153498836_34a696a82b_o_zyhzzo.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1783332189/villars-institute/banner/d-2_image__55153498836_34a696a82b_o_zyhzzo.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1783332189/villars-institute/banner/d-2_image__55153498836_34a696a82b_o_zyhzzo.png"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1783332189/villars-institute/banner/d-2_image__55153498836_34a696a82b_o_zyhzzo.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1783332189/villars-institute/banner/d-2_image__55153498836_34a696a82b_o_zyhzzo.png"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5c","name":"Light Brown","value":"#AA9B8C"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-07-06T10:11:01.03","taxonomyLabel":"Energy Transition","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a4b7f3587a6338fb88b425a","path":"/perspectives/scaling-innovation-in-ocean-positive-markets-financial-tools-a-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"scaling-innovation-in-ocean-positive-markets-financial-tools-a-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Scaling Innovation in Ocean-Positive Markets & Financial Tools: A Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-07-06T10:11:01.03","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"65d547fdd5bcca2bcbc9e95d","name":"Jens Thomsen ","slug":"jens-thomsen","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/jens-thomsen","updated":"2026-05-19T14:14:48.28","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/jens-thomsen","title":"Jens Thomsen ","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/jens-thomsen_photo__jens-thomsen_photo__OH7A2612_jzpcg3_xiarls","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1762506994/villars-institute/person/jens-thomsen_photo__jens-thomsen_photo__OH7A2612_jzpcg3_xiarls.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/jens-thomsen_photo__jens-thomsen_photo__OH7A2612_jzpcg3_xiarls","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/jens-thomsen_photo__jens-thomsen_photo__OH7A2612_jzpcg3_xiarls","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1762506994/villars-institute/person/jens-thomsen_photo__jens-thomsen_photo__OH7A2612_jzpcg3_xiarls.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1762506994/villars-institute/person/jens-thomsen_photo__jens-thomsen_photo__OH7A2612_jzpcg3_xiarls.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989835/villars-institute/banner/theme-energy-transition_image__theme-energy-transition.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99c","name":"Energy Transition","slug":"energy-transition"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Making the Ocean Investable: From Invisible Value to System Change\nAt the Villars Summit 2026, a breakout session focused on scaling innovation in ocean-positive markets. The session addressed a central challenge: the ocean generates trillions in value each year, yet most of it does not appear in markets or balance sheets.\n\nThe discussion became particularly lively after the presentations, more so than in many other sessions. It showed how central and unresolved this topic still is. Participants exchanged ideas openly, building on each other’s perspectives around the role finance should play.\n\nAt the heart of the conversation was a simple but powerful observation. Today, we mostly value what we take out of the ocean. Fish, materials, transport routes. What remains largely unaccounted for is the ocean as a living system. Its role in climate, biodiversity, and life itself is not properly valued. This gap shapes how capital flows and helps explain why ocean-positive solutions struggle to scale. Even when the ocean creates value as a living system, for example through tourism, this value is rarely recognised or rewarded in financial structures.\n\nA key takeaway was that innovation does not need to happen in financial instruments themselves. It lies in the solutions they are meant to support. Finance should follow clear, scalable solutions, not the other way around. Too often, financial tools are built first and opportunities are searched for later. In the ocean space, that approach has not worked. Instead, the focus needs to shift towards identifying strong opportunities and then building financial tools around them.\n\nThere was also a shared sense that while more data is often called for, a significant amount of information already exists. The challenge is less about generating new data and more about acting on what is already known.\n\n## Structuring Capital for Scale\nTo reach meaningful scale, participants outlined the need for a layered capital approach. Ocean investment depends on three types of capital working together: donor or philanthropic funding as the foundation, blended or concessional finance as the bridge, and market-rate capital to scale. Each layer plays a different role, but none can deliver scale on its own.\n\nThis structure is essential to unlock the estimated 175 billion USD needed each year for ocean sustainability. Around 150 billion of that must be new capital. Without combining these sources, projects remain either too risky or too small to attract serious investment.\n\nBlended finance connects these layers. Different types of capital can be stacked or introduced over time to reduce risk. This makes projects more accessible to institutional investors. If ocean investments are to scale, they need to be strong enough for pension funds and similar actors to invest with confidence.\n\nAt the same time, the current system is not well suited to ocean investments. Many projects, especially in aquaculture or ecosystem restoration, take time. They require long-term capital and patience. This does not align well with traditional venture capital or private equity models. As a result, much of the funding still comes from private individuals rather than large institutions.\n\n## From Fragmentation to System Thinking\nOne of the biggest challenges discussed was fragmentation. Ocean investments are spread across sectors, regions, and project types. This makes it difficult to build a clear and investable pipeline at scale.\n\nTo address this, participants stressed the need to think in systems rather than individual projects. Ocean finance should not be approached as a series of isolated deals. It requires coordination across value chains and alignment between financial, policy, and social actors.\n\nA practical step in this direction is bundling smaller projects into larger structures. Instead of funding one initiative at a time, projects can be grouped into repeatable models. This makes them more relevant for institutional capital and easier to scale. At the same time, there is a deeper issue. The positive work being done is still outweighed by harmful financial flows. Large amounts of capital continue to support activities that damage ocean systems. Much of this happens indirectly, but the impact is significant. As a result, we are often reducing harm rather than actively restoring what has already been lost.\n\n## Redefining Value and Measuring Impact\nA core issue is how value is defined. Living nature is still largely missing from financial systems. This is one of the main reasons why ocean-positive investments remain underfunded.\n\nThere are early efforts to change this. Some approaches aim to bring natural systems onto balance sheets or assign value to ecosystem services. Others link financial returns directly to environmental outcomes. These models are still developing, but they show a clear direction of travel.\n\nMeasurement remains a challenge. It is easier to count protected areas than to understand what is actually improving. Participants agreed that this needs to change, even if it is difficult to define. The focus should move towards real outcomes. It also requires a clearer understanding of what “good” looks like, distinguishing between doing less harm and creating real positive impact.\n\n## Unlocking Scale Through Alignment\nLooking ahead, several priorities became clear. One is the need to develop ocean finance as a recognised asset class. This would make it easier for large investors to engage and help reduce complexity.\n\nAnother priority is better alignment. Progress depends on coordination between governments, financial institutions, companies, and civil society. Some organisations will need to take on a coordinating role to bring these actors together.\n\nThere is also an opportunity in aligning incentives more clearly. When companies and insurers see the direct value of healthy ecosystems, they are more likely to invest. This could be through risk reduction, supply stability, or long-term economic benefit. Making that connection clearer can help unlock additional capital.\n\nMoving Forward\nThe discussion made one thing clear. The challenge is not just to mobilise more capital, but to use it differently. Ocean finance needs to move from fragmented efforts to coordinated systems built around clear outcomes.\n\nThe ocean already creates immense value. The task now is to make that value visible, measurable, and investable."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1783332553/villars-institute/banner/c-8_image__55153723804_39eb5a0ab3_o_lcwnda.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1783332553/villars-institute/banner/c-8_image__55153723804_39eb5a0ab3_o_lcwnda.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1783332553/villars-institute/banner/c-8_image__55153723804_39eb5a0ab3_o_lcwnda.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1783332553/villars-institute/banner/c-8_image__55153723804_39eb5a0ab3_o_lcwnda.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1783332553/villars-institute/banner/c-8_image__55153723804_39eb5a0ab3_o_lcwnda.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db55","name":"Gold","value":"#F4A625"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-07-06T11:08:19.88","taxonomyLabel":"Energy Transition","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a4b8ca387a6338fb88b426a","path":"/perspectives/scaling-innovation-in-ocean-glacier-data-intelligence","slug":"scaling-innovation-in-ocean-glacier-data-intelligence","name":"Scaling Innovation in Ocean & Glacier Data Intelligence","published":"2026-07-06T11:08:19.88","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"6809ecefafa62beccdd830e8","name":"Kseniia Nikitina","slug":"kseniia-nikitina","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/kseniia-nikitina","updated":"2026-04-07T08:36:12.75","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/kseniia-nikitina","title":"Kseniia Nikitina","image":null}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989835/villars-institute/banner/theme-energy-transition_image__theme-energy-transition.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99c","name":"Energy Transition","slug":"energy-transition"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\nThe discussion on data intelligence highlighted a critical issue: organising the existing free data and making it understandable and usable for various sectors such as government, industry, science, and AI platforms. As solutions to this issue, speakers presented different projects that enable the structuring, collection, and distribution of data.\n\nThe first idea was a platform that organises collected data from oceans in high quality. This data can be used by various involved groups or for high-quality AI training. A second project from the same speaker is a research-tourism vessel. It is a luxurious cruise liner with a submarine level that gives people the chance to observe ocean life. This mesmerises people and evokes a willingness to act. Another example are “Christmas Tree” valves in Brazil that help operate oil and gas transportation. They can also collect data, which often gets lost if not used. This means that to fill the data gaps, we not only need to organise data to make it more accessible, but also to concentrate on the so-called three pillars. “Accelerating 30 by 30” by helping countries like Brazil even for free, “Transforming ocean industries” such as the use of Christmas Tree valves in Brazil, and lastly investing in “higher education” with high-quality organised data. Additionally, we have to embrace AI.\n\nAnother project was created to help collect data and obtain small investments for further research. It is a platform that can be used by people who take pictures of marine habitats and upload them for a small amount of money, which is based on their willingness to pay. About half of global travel is related to seas and oceans and consists of people who want to see animals. If tourism is involved in data collection, large amounts of new data can be collected.\n\nThe last project can be used for both collecting data and engaging more people, especially children. At resorts, underwater cameras are placed that stream live footage. These videos showing what is underwater and what impact humans have are then shown to children in schools. This builds a connection to nature during their formative years. At the same time, these videos can be used to identify visual surfaces and analyse audio data.\n\n# Insights from the audience\nAs one member of the audience has contributed, many projects allocate too little funding for proper data management. As an example, it was mentioned that even some of the best resources of aggregated coral data in the world have not updated their maps for the last two years. This means that the allocation of the finances should become more effective. Moreover, the availability of data for the whole population, including scientists, policymakers, governments, investors, and the public, increases the value of this data. Researchers often focus only on their own datasets and use the data for specific projects. However, when the project is over, the data gets lost. To eliminate the loss of data, it should become a collective utility instead of remaining under individual ownership. Similar successful models, such as the Allen Coral Atlas, already exist, and the key characteristics lie in continuous updates, the aggregation of multiple data sources, and open accessibility. Another question arose regarding the storage of data and its connection with politics. Since scientific data is not neutral in terms of power and can be deleted, manipulated, or restricted, it should be stored in independent, resilient institutions where backups and international collaboration are possible. To manage massive datasets collected from video footage, sensor data, and satellite imagery, the data should be processed, filtered, and compressed, as one of the speaker’s projects allows. A different recommendation from the audience was the active use of AI. Carefully collected and organised data is very useful for training Artificial Intelligence, which can then be used to analyse large datasets, identify patterns, and support decision-making. As a contribution to the marine data collecting project through a platform that collaborates with people, another opinion was expressed. Not only AI, but also citizens should be involved in the collection of data. Although data may sometimes be inaccurate, large datasets combined with AI filtering can still result in reliable results."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1783336060/villars-institute/banner/x-13_image__55153491316_005455d405_o_ul4szv.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1783336060/villars-institute/banner/x-13_image__55153491316_005455d405_o_ul4szv.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1783336060/villars-institute/banner/x-13_image__55153491316_005455d405_o_ul4szv.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1783336060/villars-institute/banner/x-13_image__55153491316_005455d405_o_ul4szv.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1783336060/villars-institute/banner/x-13_image__55153491316_005455d405_o_ul4szv.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db55","name":"Gold","value":"#F4A625"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-07-09T12:16:42.81","taxonomyLabel":"Emerging Technologies","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a4b8e5287a6338fb88b4277","path":"/perspectives/scaling-innovation-in-regenerative-ocean-solutions-a-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"scaling-innovation-in-regenerative-ocean-solutions-a-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Scaling Innovation in Regenerative Ocean Solutions: A Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-07-09T12:16:42.81","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"65d547fdd5bcca2bcbc9e8ba","name":"Eric Gee ","slug":"eric-gee","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/eric-gee","updated":"2026-03-25T01:17:08.84","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/eric-gee","title":"Eric Gee ","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1773669946/villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1773669946/villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1773669946/villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989832/villars-institute/banner/theme-emerging-technologies_image__theme-emerging-technologies.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99b","name":"Emerging Technologies","slug":"emerging-technologies"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas From the Speakers \n\nThis session explored what “scaling” means when it comes to regenerative ocean solutions, and whether scaling is even the right word. One speaker discussed offshore infrastructure, like wind farms, cables, and coastal developments. These are expanding rapidly, but instead of viewing them as harmful, some speakers framed them as an opportunity. One possibility is to integrate restoration directly into infrastructure through nature-inclusive design, so that building in the ocean could also create habitats and support biodiversity. Another approach looked at ecosystem restoration, like coral reefs, some of which have lost their structure entirely and cannot recover on their own. Interventions could help rebuild those physical foundations. One option is to work with local communities instead of external teams. By training local people to build and monitor these systems, they can also maintain them. This also encourages long-term stewardship, an issue which came up repeatedly during the session. In both examples, questions around ownership, responsibility, and long-term management are still unresolved. After restoration, who’s responsible for it in 20 or 30 years? The conversation then shifted toward blue carbon ecosystems, like mangroves and seagrasses, which store large amounts of carbon while also supporting biodiversity and coastal protection. These were presented as a major opportunity, especially because they sit at the intersection of climate and nature, but investment in blue carbon is extremely low. There’s interest from investors, but the problem is that projects often struggle to reach a stage where they are considered investable. Investors face high costs and uncertainty when trying to evaluate these projects. This creates a gap where both sides are interested, but the system doesn’t allow them to meet in the middle. Overall, the session suggested that scaling is less about technology and more about everything around it–systems, incentives, and structures–that determine whether a solution can actually grow. \n\n# Insights From the Audience\n\nA key question that kept coming up was who is paying for this, and why? Different possibilities were discussed, including governments, private investors, philanthropy, and carbon markets. Carbon markets, particularly for blue carbon ecosystems, were seen as one potential pathway, but the markets are small and difficult to navigate. There was also some skepticism around relying too much on carbon as the main metric, since it risks reducing complex ecosystems to a single value. The role of communities was a big part of the discussion. Projects that involve local people as stakeholders tend to be more resilient and more likely to scale. This includes creating jobs, building local capacity, and ensuring that benefits are shared. The emphasis here is not about doing more of something faster, but offering or embedding solutions in a way that makes them last. Another point that came up was collaboration, the sharing of knowledge and best practices. Some participants suggested that greater collaboration, even between organizations that might otherwise compete, could help accelerate progress overall. Finally, there was a shift in how scaling itself was understood. Some participants said that scaling could also involve people. Solutions that engage large numbers of people, even if they are slower or more labor-intensive, might actually lead to stronger and more sustainable outcomes in the long run. \n\n# Next Steps \nWhat stood out most in this session is that the challenge of scaling regenerative ocean solutions is not just about the solutions themselves, but how the systems around them are not set up to support their growth. One of the clearest gaps is with early-stage support. Projects need time, funding, and guidance to develop, but current financial structures are not designed for that phase. This creates a situation where promising ideas struggle to survive long enough to become viable, so options like public funding, philanthropy, and private investment are important, especially in the early stages. There is also a need to rethink how value is defined. If ecosystems are only valued based on carbon, other important benefits–like biodiversity, coastal protection, and community resilience–can be overlooked. Some of the hesitation around financing comes from the fact that these ecosystems don’t “pay back” in direct or immediate ways, even though their long-term benefits are significant. Expanding how value is measured, or even questioning how it is expected to be measured at all, could help open up new ways of supporting these projects. Scaling is not just a technical or financial problem, but also a social one. Projects that are embedded in communities and create local ownership seem more likely to succeed over time. Progress will likely depend on better alignment between different parts of the system. This means connecting projects with funding, improving coordination between stakeholders, and making it easier to move from early-stage ideas to implementation. It may also require accepting that not everything will be perfect from the start, and that some level of experimentation is necessary."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1783336420/villars-institute/banner/c-10_image__55153721489_0dda94a79d_o_uwejzj.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1783336420/villars-institute/banner/c-10_image__55153721489_0dda94a79d_o_uwejzj.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1783336420/villars-institute/banner/c-10_image__55153721489_0dda94a79d_o_uwejzj.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1783336420/villars-institute/banner/c-10_image__55153721489_0dda94a79d_o_uwejzj.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1783336420/villars-institute/banner/c-10_image__55153721489_0dda94a79d_o_uwejzj.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db51","name":"Dark Red","value":"#8C1815"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-07-06T11:20:03.41","taxonomyLabel":"Emerging Technologies","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a4b8f6387a6338fb88b4283","path":"/perspectives/scaling-innovation-in-cryosphere-data-and-biodiversity-preservation","slug":"scaling-innovation-in-cryosphere-data-and-biodiversity-preservation","name":"Scaling Innovation in Cryosphere Data and Biodiversity Preservation","published":"2026-07-06T11:20:03.41","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"69b4357dc9cd9c06e3576b45","name":"Lei-Ming Caine","slug":"lei-ming-caine","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/lei-ming-caine","updated":"2026-03-13T16:04:13.29","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/lei-ming-caine","title":"Lei-Ming Caine","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/lei-ming-caine_photo__lei-ming-caine_photo__profile_photo_zh4f4c_zeyryf","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1773417845/villars-institute/person/lei-ming-caine_photo__lei-ming-caine_photo__profile_photo_zh4f4c_zeyryf.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/lei-ming-caine_photo__lei-ming-caine_photo__profile_photo_zh4f4c_zeyryf","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/lei-ming-caine_photo__lei-ming-caine_photo__profile_photo_zh4f4c_zeyryf","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1773417845/villars-institute/person/lei-ming-caine_photo__lei-ming-caine_photo__profile_photo_zh4f4c_zeyryf.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1773417845/villars-institute/person/lei-ming-caine_photo__lei-ming-caine_photo__profile_photo_zh4f4c_zeyryf.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989832/villars-institute/banner/theme-emerging-technologies_image__theme-emerging-technologies.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99b","name":"Emerging Technologies","slug":"emerging-technologies"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"## The Largest Living System We’ve Been Calling “Just Ice”\n\nThe cryosphere is still predominantly framed as a physical system, defined by ice mass, hydrology, and sea level rise. What this session made clear is that this framing is incomplete. Glaciers are not inert. They are dynamic biological systems, hosting vast and largely uncharacterized microbial ecosystems, including bacteria, fungi, algae, and viruses, many highly adapted to extreme conditions and often endemic. This dimension remains largely invisible in both science and public perception. Glaciers are still widely seen as lifeless, despite growing evidence to the contrary. Initiatives such as the Baseline Project are beginning to shift this understanding. Through standardized environmental DNA sampling across glaciers on six continents, early findings reveal hundreds to thousands of species at individual sites, from the Andes to the Himalayas and East Africa. These include organisms actively shaping nutrient cycles and ecosystem processes. At the same time, glaciers are retreating rapidly. Field observations show accelerating melt, increased instability, and changing local conditions. This creates a critical imbalance. Our ability to study these systems is only just emerging, while the systems themselves are disappearing. As a result, entire microbial communities may be lost before they are ever documented. What is at stake is not only biodiversity, but a largely unexplored reservoir of biological functions and capabilities, raising a central question: what knowledge, and what potential, are we losing before we even understand it?\n\n## Sampling a Vanishing World\n\nWhat is beginning to emerge from this work is not only a biodiversity story, but a discovery frontier. Microorganisms in the cryosphere operate under extreme cold, limited nutrients, and repeated freeze thaw cycles. To survive, they have evolved highly specialized metabolic pathways and biochemical properties that are rarely found elsewhere. These adaptations are not only scientifically interesting, but potentially transformative. Early research points to applications across multiple domains, from antibiotic discovery and pollutant degradation to low energy industrial processes and biomining. Some microbes are capable of functioning in conditions where conventional biological systems fail, offering new approaches to longstanding challenges such as antimicrobial resistance or resource extraction. Yet despite this potential, humanity currently uses only a very small fraction of known microbial diversity. At the same time, the way this knowledge is being generated remains fragmented. Sampling efforts are dispersed, methodologies are not always aligned, and data is often siloed. As interest grows, the question is no longer only what can be discovered, but how discovery itself is organized. Without greater coordination, there is a risk that both the science and its potential applications will develop unevenly, reinforcing existing gaps rather than expanding access and impact.\n\n## The Coldest Gold Rush on Earth\n\nAs the scientific and innovation potential of the cryosphere becomes clearer, so too do the stakes around how it is governed. What is emerging is not only a race to discover, but a question of access, ownership, and responsibility. Unlike previous resource frontiers, the challenge here is not extraction alone, but preservation, coordination, and equitable use. The discussion emphasized the importance of avoiding models where knowledge and biological resources become concentrated in the hands of a few. Instead, a more open and federated approach is being put forward. The Microbial Initiative for the Cryosphere seeks to coordinate global sampling, establish distributed biobanks, and build shared data infrastructure that enables broader participation across regions and institutions. The ambition is not only to accelerate discovery, but to ensure that the benefits of this work are more widely shared. Two enablers stand out: Education & Intergenerational engagement. Particularly for communities connected to these environments, will be essential for long-term stewardship. Equally important is inclusive access to data and biological resources, so that this emerging field does not reproduce existing inequalities in science and innovation. The cryosphere is not only disappearing as a landscape. It is disappearing as a record of life shaped over millennia, a living archive we have barely begun to understand. What is being lost is not just knowledge, but discoveries that will never be made."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1783336719/villars-institute/banner/x-14_image__55153720854_fab9b623ab_o_iomqfe.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1783336719/villars-institute/banner/x-14_image__55153720854_fab9b623ab_o_iomqfe.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1783336719/villars-institute/banner/x-14_image__55153720854_fab9b623ab_o_iomqfe.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1783336719/villars-institute/banner/x-14_image__55153720854_fab9b623ab_o_iomqfe.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1783336719/villars-institute/banner/x-14_image__55153720854_fab9b623ab_o_iomqfe.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db51","name":"Dark Red","value":"#8C1815"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-07-06T11:22:53.57","taxonomyLabel":"Nature Positive","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a4b900d87a6338fb88b428f","path":"/perspectives/the-water-economy-reimagined-from-risk-to-resilience","slug":"the-water-economy-reimagined-from-risk-to-resilience","name":"The Water Economy Reimagined: From Risk to Resilience","published":"2026-07-06T11:22:53.57","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"699ecb1d6e8acca821167ae9","name":"Silvia Stuffmann\tGuarch","slug":"silvia-stuffmann-guarch","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/silvia-stuffmann-guarch","updated":"2026-04-07T08:39:46.40","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/silvia-stuffmann-guarch","title":"Silvia Stuffmann\tGuarch","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/silvia-stuffmann-guarch-rapporteur_photo__1570375600739_ckzjbk","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1773138875/villars-institute/person/silvia-stuffmann-guarch-rapporteur_photo__1570375600739_ckzjbk.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/silvia-stuffmann-guarch-rapporteur_photo__1570375600739_ckzjbk","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/silvia-stuffmann-guarch-rapporteur_photo__1570375600739_ckzjbk","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1773138875/villars-institute/person/silvia-stuffmann-guarch-rapporteur_photo__1570375600739_ckzjbk.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1773138875/villars-institute/person/silvia-stuffmann-guarch-rapporteur_photo__1570375600739_ckzjbk.jpg"}}}}},{"id":"699eca8c6e8acca821167abf","name":"Juan Gonzalez","slug":"juan-gonzalez","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/juan-gonzalez","updated":"2026-04-07T08:40:27.84","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/juan-gonzalez","title":"Juan Gonzalez","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/juan-gonzalez-rapporteur_photo__IMG_2331_xrbykw","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1773766507/villars-institute/person/juan-gonzalez-rapporteur_photo__IMG_2331_xrbykw.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/juan-gonzalez-rapporteur_photo__IMG_2331_xrbykw","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/juan-gonzalez-rapporteur_photo__IMG_2331_xrbykw","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1773766507/villars-institute/person/juan-gonzalez-rapporteur_photo__IMG_2331_xrbykw.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1773766507/villars-institute/person/juan-gonzalez-rapporteur_photo__IMG_2331_xrbykw.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989838/villars-institute/banner/theme-nature-based-solutions_image__theme-nature-based-solutions.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99d","name":"Nature Positive","slug":"nature-positive"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"The session explored how water risk is gradually shaping economic resilience, supply chains, energy security, and financial decision-making. This plenary discussion considered how businesses, leaders and society can respond through better stewardship, stronger governance, and the wider adoption of practical solutions."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1783336892/villars-institute/banner/x-15_image__55153656713_0c8db89df7_o_v8ugot.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1783336892/villars-institute/banner/x-15_image__55153656713_0c8db89df7_o_v8ugot.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1783336892/villars-institute/banner/x-15_image__55153656713_0c8db89df7_o_v8ugot.png"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1783336892/villars-institute/banner/x-15_image__55153656713_0c8db89df7_o_v8ugot.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1783336892/villars-institute/banner/x-15_image__55153656713_0c8db89df7_o_v8ugot.png"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db4a","name":"Bottle Green","value":"#4A7D49"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-07-06T11:26:50.25","taxonomyLabel":"Systems Leadership","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a4b90fa87a6338fb88b429d","path":"/perspectives/commitments-to-collaborate-shaping-a-new-ocean-cryosphere-narrative","slug":"commitments-to-collaborate-shaping-a-new-ocean-cryosphere-narrative","name":"Commitments to Collaborate: Shaping a New Ocean & Cryosphere Narrative","published":"2026-07-06T11:26:50.25","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"6809ecefafa62beccdd830e8","name":"Kseniia Nikitina","slug":"kseniia-nikitina","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/kseniia-nikitina","updated":"2026-04-07T08:36:12.75","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/kseniia-nikitina","title":"Kseniia Nikitina","image":null}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989845/villars-institute/banner/theme-systems-leadership_image__theme-systems-leadership.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d9a0","name":"Systems Leadership","slug":"systems-leadership"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\nThe main goal of this session was to find a new narrative that moves people to take action. One way to accomplish this is to create a natural history show. However, the question arises: why make another one if there are already so many? The answer is that previous films often missed important details and issues. People talk about plastics in the ocean but forget about the destructive fishing, systemic damage, and policy and legal issues.\n\nTo address this problem, a full narrative arc needs to be presented, starting with knowledge about the ocean, continuing with the damage humans have caused, and ending with possible solutions. The next step would be to narrow the message down. If the message cannot be reduced to about 15 words, the general public will not take a lot in. It is also important to focus on open sourcing and connections with campaigns and educators. Unseen damage, such as bottom trawling, is known to the scientists and policymakers, but if the people do not see it, they do not care and have no motivation to act. However, even policymakers sometimes do not fully understand the problem, and eventually, harmful practices are allowed by law. This is why film is a good approach to show these issues visually. To communicate the right message, individual companies should not necessarily be named, but governments should still be held accountable. A different, interesting way of storytelling and narrative building was presented by another speaker. The idea is to use whale songs in the music. Combined with artistic environmental storytelling and immersive experiences, this allows people to build an emotional connection with the ocean. People tend to protect what they feel emotionally connected to. Lastly, to stop climate change, we need to change the deep structures of society. This includes changing our values, worldviews, economic systems, goals of society, and the way humans see themselves in relation to nature.\n\n# Insights from the audience\nOne of the most important insights from the audience is the way the film should be structured. It starts with the story about the ocean, followed by the current problems. Ending with the solution and examples of achievement gives people hope. For it is hope and not fear that motivates people to act. The discussion also explores the role of science, especially in relation to animal intelligence, whale communication, and conservation research. However, one problem that is mentioned is that science often works very slowly, while environmental problems require quick action. Because of this, storytelling, media, and documentaries are used to communicate scientific knowledge to the public more quickly and influence public opinion and policy. A key insight is that even highly successful documentaries, with millions of viewers and strong media coverage, often fail to create lasting political or systemic change. While such films can influence public awareness, shift narratives, and even change individual behaviour, they rarely lead to concrete policy transformations. This highlights a gap between knowledge and action. One major reason for this gap lies in political and economic structures. Corporations, governments, and powerful stakeholders often have financial interests that conflict with environmental protection. For example, media platforms or investors may be connected to industries that contribute to environmental damage, which can limit the distribution or impact of critical content. In some cases, environmental projects or messages are even suppressed or ignored due to these interests. This leads back to the concept of “deep change,” which emphasizes that real progress requires more than awareness or behavioural shifts. Instead, it calls for a transformation of underlying systems, including economic models, political priorities, and societal values. Without addressing these root structures, environmental efforts will remain limited in their effectiveness."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1783337155/villars-institute/banner/s-2_image__55153720609_d63d2c32f4_o_yjkyhu.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1783337155/villars-institute/banner/s-2_image__55153720609_d63d2c32f4_o_yjkyhu.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1783337155/villars-institute/banner/s-2_image__55153720609_d63d2c32f4_o_yjkyhu.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1783337155/villars-institute/banner/s-2_image__55153720609_d63d2c32f4_o_yjkyhu.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1783337155/villars-institute/banner/s-2_image__55153720609_d63d2c32f4_o_yjkyhu.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5c","name":"Light Brown","value":"#AA9B8C"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-07-06T11:28:55.63","taxonomyLabel":"Planetary Boundaries","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a4b917787a6338fb88b42a9","path":"/perspectives/commitments-to-collaborate-putting-the-ocean-cryosphere-on-the-balance-sheet-a-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"commitments-to-collaborate-putting-the-ocean-cryosphere-on-the-balance-sheet-a-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Commitments to Collaborate: Putting the Ocean & Cryosphere on the Balance Sheet: A Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-07-06T11:28:55.63","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"65d547fdd5bcca2bcbc9e8ba","name":"Eric Gee ","slug":"eric-gee","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/eric-gee","updated":"2026-03-25T01:17:08.84","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/eric-gee","title":"Eric Gee ","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1773669946/villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1773669946/villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1773669946/villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989843/villars-institute/banner/theme-planetary-health_image__theme-planetary-health.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99f","name":"Planetary Boundaries","slug":"planetary-boundaries"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas From the Speakers \nThis session looked at what it would mean to bring the value of nature–especially the ocean and cryosphere–into financial systems, or “putting nature on the balance sheet.” This would help make environmental impacts more visible in economic decision-making, instead of treating nature as something separate or easy to ignore. One starting point was how to translate scientific understanding into something that can be used by companies and financial institutions. This could mean ecological limits and thresholds while helping companies create a clearer link between science and action. It also raises the question of how these targets are later reflected in financial decisions. A bigger issue is that most environmental impacts are treated as externalities. Companies can generate profit while the environmental costs are absorbed more broadly by society. By bringing nature onto the balance sheet we recognize the negative impacts of business activity as well as the value of ecosystems that are often taken for granted. Many natural systems, especially in the ocean and cryosphere, function as public goods, and “markets can’t take care of public goods because they only trade private things…You cannot trade rainfall.” These natural systems provide shared benefits like climate regulation, water systems, and biodiversity, but don’t have clear ownership or pricing structures, which makes it difficult to apply any kind of market logic. Not everything can be easily priced or traded, especially when it comes to nature. There was also discussion about how existing accounting tools might begin to incorporate these ideas. Concepts like contingent liabilities and replacement costs were mentioned as possible ways to account for environmental risks and dependencies. This would allow companies to see potential future costs tied to environmental damage, even if those costs are not immediate. The role of financial institutions came up repeatedly. Banks, insurers, and asset managers were seen as key actors, particularly if they can begin to treat environmental impacts as financial risks. But it was clear that this kind of shift would likely depend on policy and regulation to create the right incentives and expectations. \n\n# Insights From the Audience \n\nThe discussion that followed focused more on what this would look like in practice, and where the biggest challenges might come from. One of the main concerns was liability. If companies are required to account for the environmental damage they cause, many existing business models could become unprofitable. This makes resistance to these changes likely, especially from industries that depend on externalizing those costs. Some participants pointed to early adopters, including certain countries and financial institutions, as important starting points on leading this transition. Others suggested that without stronger regulation, progress will remain slow and uneven. Governance came up with respect to marine environments. In areas like the high seas or the cryosphere, there is no clear authority responsible for managing or enforcing accountability. One idea was how financial institutions could begin to treat environmental externalities as financial risk. For example, companies with higher environmental impact could have higher borrowing costs which would create an incentive to reduce harm, rather than relying on voluntary commitments. There was skepticism about relying too much on markets to solve these challenges. Since many ecosystem services are public goods, they don’t fit easily into systems designed for private exchange. This raises the question of whether market-based solutions alone are enough, or if stronger policy interventions are needed. Reflections and Next Steps How we think and talk about value was the being takeaway from this session. Right now, many natural systems are only recognized economically when they are extracted or used. A forest has value when it is cut down and sold, but not necessarily when it is left standing, even though it plays a significant role in carbon storage, biodiversity, and water systems. Shifting this mindset, “that a tree is more valuable alive than chopped down,” is a key part of what putting nature on the balance sheet is trying to do. But trying to force all aspects of nature into financial terms risks oversimplifying what is actually at stake. This is not just about assigning numbers, but about making better decisions with a clearer understanding of what is being gained or lost. If the concept of “nature on the balance sheet” stays within technical or financial circles, it will be difficult to build broader support. Connecting these ideas to everyday realities, and making them easier to understand, will be important for long-term change. A big win will be in making these ideas more accessible. Moving from a system where environmental impacts are mostly invisible, to one where they are fully accounted for, will take time. But while this is still a work in progress, a shift is already starting, and that there are concrete ways to begin building toward it."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1783337280/villars-institute/banner/d-3_image__55153719754_9f4b9dbc6c_o_i8okcz.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1783337280/villars-institute/banner/d-3_image__55153719754_9f4b9dbc6c_o_i8okcz.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1783337280/villars-institute/banner/d-3_image__55153719754_9f4b9dbc6c_o_i8okcz.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1783337280/villars-institute/banner/d-3_image__55153719754_9f4b9dbc6c_o_i8okcz.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1783337280/villars-institute/banner/d-3_image__55153719754_9f4b9dbc6c_o_i8okcz.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db65","name":"Villars Blue","value":"#0673BE"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-07-06T11:31:54.72","taxonomyLabel":"Systems Leadership","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a4b922a87a6338fb88b42b5","path":"/perspectives/commitments-to-collaborate-aligning-capital-for-ocean-innovation-cryosphere-resilience","slug":"commitments-to-collaborate-aligning-capital-for-ocean-innovation-cryosphere-resilience","name":"Commitments to Collaborate: Aligning Capital for Ocean Innovation & Cryosphere Resilience","published":"2026-07-06T11:31:54.72","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"65d547fdd5bcca2bcbc9e95d","name":"Jens Thomsen ","slug":"jens-thomsen","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/jens-thomsen","updated":"2026-05-19T14:14:48.28","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/jens-thomsen","title":"Jens Thomsen ","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/jens-thomsen_photo__jens-thomsen_photo__OH7A2612_jzpcg3_xiarls","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1762506994/villars-institute/person/jens-thomsen_photo__jens-thomsen_photo__OH7A2612_jzpcg3_xiarls.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/jens-thomsen_photo__jens-thomsen_photo__OH7A2612_jzpcg3_xiarls","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/jens-thomsen_photo__jens-thomsen_photo__OH7A2612_jzpcg3_xiarls","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1762506994/villars-institute/person/jens-thomsen_photo__jens-thomsen_photo__OH7A2612_jzpcg3_xiarls.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1762506994/villars-institute/person/jens-thomsen_photo__jens-thomsen_photo__OH7A2612_jzpcg3_xiarls.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989845/villars-institute/banner/theme-systems-leadership_image__theme-systems-leadership.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d9a0","name":"Systems Leadership","slug":"systems-leadership"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Rethinking Ocean Investment\nThe session was structured as an interactive workshop rather than a traditional panel. Participants were split into small groups and gathered around whiteboards, guided by one central question: What are we not doing that we should be doing if capital were no issue?\n\nEach person first wrote down their own ideas, thinking as broadly as possible. Some responses aimed high, imagining large systemic shifts, while others stayed closer to what could be implemented in the near term. That part came easily. The more difficult step was narrowing it down. Each group had to align on one idea they believed mattered most. This required compromise, debate, and prioritisation. In the final stage, all groups came back together to share their conclusions and open the discussion to the full room."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1783337434/villars-institute/banner/x-16_image__55153645278_06ae0a2218_o_pz5qj9.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1783337434/villars-institute/banner/x-16_image__55153645278_06ae0a2218_o_pz5qj9.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1783337434/villars-institute/banner/x-16_image__55153645278_06ae0a2218_o_pz5qj9.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1783337434/villars-institute/banner/x-16_image__55153645278_06ae0a2218_o_pz5qj9.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1783337434/villars-institute/banner/x-16_image__55153645278_06ae0a2218_o_pz5qj9.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5c","name":"Light Brown","value":"#AA9B8C"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-07-09T12:46:41.59","taxonomyLabel":"Systems Leadership","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a4b93b787a6338fb88b42c2","path":"/perspectives/accelerating-systems-change-for-ocean-glaciers-and-poles-a-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"accelerating-systems-change-for-ocean-glaciers-and-poles-a-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Accelerating Systems Change for Ocean, Glaciers and Poles: A Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-07-09T12:46:41.59","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"69b436a2c9cd9c06e3576b53","name":"Fabienne Gaiser","slug":"fabienne-gaiser","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/fabienne-gaiser","updated":"2026-07-07T08:22:47.23","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/fabienne-gaiser","title":"Fabienne Gaiser","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/fabienne-gaiser_photo__fabienne-gaiser_photo__Fabienne_Gaiser_gtgx7c_rzmuwv","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1773418132/villars-institute/person/fabienne-gaiser_photo__fabienne-gaiser_photo__Fabienne_Gaiser_gtgx7c_rzmuwv.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/fabienne-gaiser_photo__fabienne-gaiser_photo__Fabienne_Gaiser_gtgx7c_rzmuwv","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/fabienne-gaiser_photo__fabienne-gaiser_photo__Fabienne_Gaiser_gtgx7c_rzmuwv","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1773418132/villars-institute/person/fabienne-gaiser_photo__fabienne-gaiser_photo__Fabienne_Gaiser_gtgx7c_rzmuwv.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1773418132/villars-institute/person/fabienne-gaiser_photo__fabienne-gaiser_photo__Fabienne_Gaiser_gtgx7c_rzmuwv.png"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989845/villars-institute/banner/theme-systems-leadership_image__theme-systems-leadership.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d9a0","name":"Systems Leadership","slug":"systems-leadership"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"# Ideas from the speakers\nDespite growing scientific understanding of ocean, glaciers and poles, action continues to lag behind what is required. This session makes clear that the central challenge is not knowledge, but the ability to act collectively and decisively despite uncertainty and systemic constraints. A key priority identified is the need to halt industrial fishing on the high seas, reflecting the urgency of protecting ocean systems. At the same time, the session highlights that meaningful progress depends on both individual and collective contributions. While no single actor can address the full scope of the challenge, each person has a role to play, and cumulative actions become a powerful driver of change.\n\nA central barrier to progress is identified not as ignorance, but as uncertainty within the scientific community, coupled with difficulties in communicating complex risks. Ongoing debates - such as those surrounding the potential shutdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) or the collapse of coral reefs - make it difficult to communicate risks clearly and act with a unified voice. However, it is emphasized that in some cases the level of risk may already exceed acceptable thresholds, pointing to the need for more immediate and precautionary responses. Strengthening primary data collection and enabling greater alignment across the scientific community are seen as critical to supporting clearer and more decisive action.\n\nThe session also underscores the need to address structural barriers within the global economic system. Sustainable choices must become the easiest and most accessible options, so that individuals and societies can act without requiring constant deliberate effort. Achieving this requires both bottom-up engagement and stronger top-down leadership, as well as greater courage to confront misinformation. Policy and regulatory frameworks are essential drivers of progress, but their effectiveness depends on a willingness to take economic and reputational risks. The discussion also highlights the opportunity to transform ecological tipping points into positive social and economic tipping points, and to view planetary boundaries as drivers of innovation.\n\nThe session further introduces a new large-scale ocean initiative centred on Dr. Sylvia Earle, described as a “one-in-a-generation” project designed to mobilise science, storytelling, and global action, . The initiative is structured around three interconnected pillars - scientific research, film and immersive experiences, and communications and impact - aimed at strengthening both knowledge generation and public engagement, while also celebrating Dr. Sylvia Earle’s tenth decade dedicated to the ocean. At its core, the project proposes a new scientific framework for ocean health based on a unified index that integrates multiple dimensions of marine ecosystems. A central component of this framework is the use of whales as biological sentinels, whose behaviour and acoustic signals provide measurable and early indicators of ecosystem change and stress. This approach is supported by three complementary tools: AI-enhanced bioacoustics, environmental DNA (eDNA), and satellite remote sensing, which together connect animal behaviour, ecosystem dynamics, and large-scale environmental conditions. By integrating these elements, the initiative aims to support science-based solutions and accelerate global action for ocean stewardship.\n\n# Insights from the audience\nThe plenary session underscored a fundamental paradox: while the knowledge, innovations, and resources to address ocean and cryosphere challenges already exist, systemic misalignment across finance, governance, and societal values continues to impede meaningful progress. The following synthesis reflects the key insights and report-backs from the parallel sessions, bringing together diverse perspectives into a coherent set of overarching themes. The discussions highlighted that the central barriers are not primarily technological, but political, economic, and structural. Although innovative solutions are available, their scaling is constrained by misdirected capital flows, fragmented governance, and the continued subsidization of harmful activities. Participants emphasized that finance alone will not resolve these issues; rather, the critical challenge lies in how capital is allocated, as current systems still prioritize extractive uses of nature while leaving living systems largely unvalued. A recurring theme was the urgent need to redefine value by integrating ecological, social, and long-term considerations into financial and policy frameworks. This includes eliminating harmful subsidies, redirecting investments, and developing mechanisms that recognize the ocean and cryosphere as living systems essential to planetary stability. Importantly, participants noted that a lack of data is not the primary constraint; instead, the gap lies in translating existing knowledge into coordinated and effective action. Governance and political will emerged as decisive factors. Despite the availability of viable solutions, implementation is often obstructed by political resistance and insufficient accountability. Participants stressed the importance of leadership and courage, particularly at local and national levels, to enforce regulations and challenge harmful practices such as illegal fishing. Local action was framed as a catalyst for broader systemic change, countering the tendency to delay progress in the absence of international consensus. Scientific innovation, particularly in emerging fields such as cryosphere biodiversity, was identified as both urgent and promising. Rapid glacial retreat is leading to the loss of largely undocumented microbial ecosystems with significant potential for scientific and industrial applications. This highlights the need for enhanced global coordination, open-access data infrastructures, and inclusive research initiatives to document and preserve these resources. Finally, the role of narrative and public engagement was emphasized as critical for driving action. Effective storytelling and emotionally resonant communication can bridge the gap between scientific understanding and societal response. Overall, the session concluded that achieving meaningful progress requires systemic alignment across finance, governance, science, and society, moving from fragmented efforts toward integrated, scalable solutions."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1783337880/villars-institute/banner/x-17_image__55153498841_502f8fa264_o_otu1ue.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1783337880/villars-institute/banner/x-17_image__55153498841_502f8fa264_o_otu1ue.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1783337880/villars-institute/banner/x-17_image__55153498841_502f8fa264_o_otu1ue.png"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1783337880/villars-institute/banner/x-17_image__55153498841_502f8fa264_o_otu1ue.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1783337880/villars-institute/banner/x-17_image__55153498841_502f8fa264_o_otu1ue.png"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5c","name":"Light Brown","value":"#AA9B8C"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-07-13T07:19:15.69","taxonomyLabel":"Systems Leadership","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a4fa9e7682cabe84824b182","path":"/perspectives/turning-points-for-nature-water-as-the-hidden-connector-a-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"turning-points-for-nature-water-as-the-hidden-connector-a-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"Turning Points for Nature: Water as the Hidden Connector: A Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-07-13T07:19:15.69","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"68011221d1dd045cb4ae18db","name":"Sarah Braun","slug":"sarah-braun","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/sarah-braun","updated":"2026-04-07T08:32:34.95","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/sarah-braun","title":"Sarah Braun","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/sarah-braun_photo__e70d4fc6-0852-4d7e-84f9-ba2f602ac632_h7ogsb","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1747493815/villars-institute/person/sarah-braun_photo__e70d4fc6-0852-4d7e-84f9-ba2f602ac632_h7ogsb.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/sarah-braun_photo__e70d4fc6-0852-4d7e-84f9-ba2f602ac632_h7ogsb","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/sarah-braun_photo__e70d4fc6-0852-4d7e-84f9-ba2f602ac632_h7ogsb","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1747493815/villars-institute/person/sarah-braun_photo__e70d4fc6-0852-4d7e-84f9-ba2f602ac632_h7ogsb.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1747493815/villars-institute/person/sarah-braun_photo__e70d4fc6-0852-4d7e-84f9-ba2f602ac632_h7ogsb.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989845/villars-institute/banner/theme-systems-leadership_image__theme-systems-leadership.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d9a0","name":"Systems Leadership","slug":"systems-leadership"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"The key question which this session \"Turning Points for Nature: Water as the Hidden Connector\" revolved around was presented to the audience by J. Carl Ganter, panellist and moderator: \"How can the Villars community work together to reach a turning point for water that delivers a decisive gain for planetary health?\""},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1783605715/villars-institute/banner/bv_image__55153653493_d37e535283_o_bewyog.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1783605715/villars-institute/banner/bv_image__55153653493_d37e535283_o_bewyog.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1783605715/villars-institute/banner/bv_image__55153653493_d37e535283_o_bewyog.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1783605715/villars-institute/banner/bv_image__55153653493_d37e535283_o_bewyog.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1783605715/villars-institute/banner/bv_image__55153653493_d37e535283_o_bewyog.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5c","name":"Light Brown","value":"#AA9B8C"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-08-06T23:27:08.43","taxonomyLabel":"Systems Leadership","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a7201d80760a206a7550b22","path":"/perspectives/the-sound-of-silence","slug":"the-sound-of-silence","name":"The Sound of Silence","published":"2026-08-06T23:27:08.43","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"66b09cf0c79b62c54551d36b","name":"Agustina Bozzano","slug":"agustina-bozzano","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/agustina-bozzano","updated":"2025-10-09T14:30:08.60","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/agustina-bozzano","title":"Agustina Bozzano","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/agustina-bozzano_photo__Profile_Photo_Agustina_covvjp","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1722850537/villars-institute/person/agustina-bozzano_photo__Profile_Photo_Agustina_covvjp.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/agustina-bozzano_photo__Profile_Photo_Agustina_covvjp","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/agustina-bozzano_photo__Profile_Photo_Agustina_covvjp","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1722850537/villars-institute/person/agustina-bozzano_photo__Profile_Photo_Agustina_covvjp.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1722850537/villars-institute/person/agustina-bozzano_photo__Profile_Photo_Agustina_covvjp.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989845/villars-institute/banner/theme-systems-leadership_image__theme-systems-leadership.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d9a0","name":"Systems Leadership","slug":"systems-leadership"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"Antarctica has a way of putting things into perspective. Learning about the processes and the deep history that shaped this continent over millions of years made me confront something both humbling and unsettling: how vulnerable our species truly is. We often speak as if we stand apart from nature, as if we can dominate or outgrow it. But Antarctica makes that illusion impossible to sustain. Spending time learning about ice cores, glaciers, and ancient climate cycles revealed a story far bigger than humanity. The ice beneath our feet holds records of Earth’s atmosphere stretching back hundreds of thousands of years. It has seen ice ages come and go; temperatures rise and fall, ecosystems adapt and collapse. And here we are, a very young species in geological terms, leaving a mark that is visible even in one of the most remote places on the planet. Life, including ours, is only possible because of the Earth’s systems working in delicate balance. Without them, we simply would not exist. "},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1785920292/villars-institute/banner/agu-in-antartica_image__WhatsApp_Image_2026-08-05_at_09.14.08_ktixcc.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1785920292/villars-institute/banner/agu-in-antartica_image__WhatsApp_Image_2026-08-05_at_09.14.08_ktixcc.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1785920292/villars-institute/banner/agu-in-antartica_image__WhatsApp_Image_2026-08-05_at_09.14.08_ktixcc.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1785920292/villars-institute/banner/agu-in-antartica_image__WhatsApp_Image_2026-08-05_at_09.14.08_ktixcc.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1785920292/villars-institute/banner/agu-in-antartica_image__WhatsApp_Image_2026-08-05_at_09.14.08_ktixcc.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5c","name":"Light Brown","value":"#AA9B8C"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-08-13T15:51:22.55","taxonomyLabel":"Systems Leadership","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a7de7fa15ddb5828921e407","path":"/perspectives/from-conversation-to-action-rethinking-climate-change-across-generations","slug":"from-conversation-to-action-rethinking-climate-change-across-generations","name":"From Conversation to Action: Rethinking Climate Change Across Generations","published":"2026-08-13T15:51:22.55","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"67cac57d3c02c668d5a4a64a","name":"Ana\tCastillo","slug":"ana-castillo","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/ana-castillo","updated":"2026-03-20T09:53:44.02","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/ana-castillo","title":"Ana\tCastillo","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/ana-castillo_photo__photo_villars_whloit","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1773773449/villars-institute/person/ana-castillo_photo__photo_villars_whloit.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/ana-castillo_photo__photo_villars_whloit","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/ana-castillo_photo__photo_villars_whloit","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1773773449/villars-institute/person/ana-castillo_photo__photo_villars_whloit.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1773773449/villars-institute/person/ana-castillo_photo__photo_villars_whloit.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989845/villars-institute/banner/theme-systems-leadership_image__theme-systems-leadership.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d9a0","name":"Systems Leadership","slug":"systems-leadership"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"The impact youth can have on the climate conversation, and the power of a good example, are two forces that should never be underestimated. At a time when the urgency of climate change is becoming increasingly evident, these elements are not only relevant but essential to shaping meaningful and lasting action."},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1786635777/villars-institute/banner/zcw_image__55267690869_e5ebb9bf09_o_dlajc4.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1786635777/villars-institute/banner/zcw_image__55267690869_e5ebb9bf09_o_dlajc4.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1786635777/villars-institute/banner/zcw_image__55267690869_e5ebb9bf09_o_dlajc4.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1786635777/villars-institute/banner/zcw_image__55267690869_e5ebb9bf09_o_dlajc4.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1786635777/villars-institute/banner/zcw_image__55267690869_e5ebb9bf09_o_dlajc4.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5c","name":"Light Brown","value":"#AA9B8C"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-08-25T13:44:46.49","taxonomyLabel":"Systems Leadership","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a8d9c25eef6ed3a761e99e1","path":"/perspectives/mo-olelo-stories-that-carry-us","slug":"mo-olelo-stories-that-carry-us","name":"Mo‘olelo: Stories That Carry Us","published":"2026-08-25T13:44:46.49","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"65d547fdd5bcca2bcbc9e8ba","name":"Eric Gee ","slug":"eric-gee","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/eric-gee","updated":"2026-03-25T01:17:08.84","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/eric-gee","title":"Eric Gee ","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1773669946/villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1773669946/villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1773669946/villars-institute/person/eric-gee_photo__C9EBC54C-EA0D-4ED2-9B0E-D2A5E3E11AE2_1_105_c_qkdpv8.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989845/villars-institute/banner/theme-systems-leadership_image__theme-systems-leadership.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d9a0","name":"Systems Leadership","slug":"systems-leadership"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"Being selected to attend the Ice Station Expedition was more than an honor. It felt like a responsibility.\n\nComing from a small town on Hawaiʻi Island, I grew up watching climate change reshape the environment around me. That experience shaped how I see the world and my place within it. Still, being dropped into one of the harshest climates on Earth felt surreal. Before leaving, I kept asking myself: Am I going to get frostbite? Will the UV rays scorch my skin? Can I really adapt to a place this extreme?\nThe truth was far less dramatic, and far more revealing.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1787665481/villars-institute/banner/eric-gee_image__DSCF0923_lzsxvh.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1787665481/villars-institute/banner/eric-gee_image__DSCF0923_lzsxvh.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1787665481/villars-institute/banner/eric-gee_image__DSCF0923_lzsxvh.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1787665481/villars-institute/banner/eric-gee_image__DSCF0923_lzsxvh.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1787665481/villars-institute/banner/eric-gee_image__DSCF0923_lzsxvh.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5c","name":"Light Brown","value":"#AA9B8C"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-09-01T11:34:43.10","taxonomyLabel":"Nature Positive","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a96b1a4cbc3c6c7f9f60d7a","path":"/perspectives/turning-points-for-nature-biodiversity-markets","slug":"turning-points-for-nature-biodiversity-markets","name":"Turning Points for Nature Biodiversity Markets","published":"2026-09-01T11:34:43.10","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"65d547fed5bcca2bcbc9ead0","name":"Olivia Avalos Villar","slug":"olivia-avalos-villar","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/olivia-avalos-villar","updated":"2026-08-27T13:41:27.75","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/olivia-avalos-villar","title":"Olivia Avalos Villar","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/olivia-avalos-villar_photo__olivia-avalos-villar_photo__Professional_Profile_sgvae7.jpg_wsu7ah","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1753193790/villars-institute/person/olivia-avalos-villar_photo__olivia-avalos-villar_photo__Professional_Profile_sgvae7.jpg_wsu7ah.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/olivia-avalos-villar_photo__olivia-avalos-villar_photo__Professional_Profile_sgvae7.jpg_wsu7ah","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/olivia-avalos-villar_photo__olivia-avalos-villar_photo__Professional_Profile_sgvae7.jpg_wsu7ah","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1753193790/villars-institute/person/olivia-avalos-villar_photo__olivia-avalos-villar_photo__Professional_Profile_sgvae7.jpg_wsu7ah.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1753193790/villars-institute/person/olivia-avalos-villar_photo__olivia-avalos-villar_photo__Professional_Profile_sgvae7.jpg_wsu7ah.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989838/villars-institute/banner/theme-nature-based-solutions_image__theme-nature-based-solutions.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99d","name":"Nature Positive","slug":"nature-positive"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"### Ideas from the speakers\n\nThe session explored whether biodiversity and nature markets can become credible mechanisms for directing significantly more private capital toward conservation and ecosystem restoration. A central starting point was that economies remain deeply dependent on nature, while nature itself is still largely treated as a free externality in business and investment decisions. The challenge, therefore, is not only to recognize the economic risks associated with biodiversity loss, but also to create mechanisms through which the value of nature can influence capital allocation.\n\nThe presenters highlighted several existing approaches. One involved separating the public-good value of nature from the underlying productive value of land through instruments such as conservation easements, covenants, and public funding. Another was mitigation banking, where regulations require developers to compensate for unavoidable impacts on wetlands or habitats. These markets can generate substantial value precisely because biodiversity is highly location-specific and the credits are often non-fungible. The discussion suggested that this heterogeneity may be a defining feature of biodiversity markets rather than a weakness to eliminate.\n\nTrust and integrity emerged as another major theme. Voluntary biodiversity markets remain very small, and experience from carbon markets demonstrates the risks of weak standards, poor project quality, and overreliance on simplified metrics. One presenter described efforts to assess nature projects using a broad set of indicators spanning biodiversity, carbon, and people, noting that only a small proportion of projects assessed met minimum quality thresholds. This reinforced the need for rigorous methodologies, transparency, and credible monitoring.\n\nAt the same time, the session questioned whether biodiversity credits should become the dominant model at all. Project development can be expensive, slow, and highly risky, particularly when communities must be engaged over several years before any financial return is possible. Some approaches are therefore moving beyond standalone biodiversity or carbon credits toward broader business models that generate ecological outcomes while relying on other revenue streams.\n\nAcross the presentations, a recurring message was that nature markets will likely develop through multiple regulated and voluntary models rather than through one global system. Local context, policy, community participation, and ecosystem characteristics will remain essential. The broader objective is not necessarily to commodify nature, but to organize capital in ways that reward its protection and restoration.\n\n### Insights from the audience\n\nThe group discussions deepened the debate around what is required for biodiversity markets to mature and scale. One of the clearest insights was that demand is often created by regulation. Examples of mandatory biodiversity net gain requirements, environmental provisions in public procurement, and other compliance mechanisms illustrated how regulation can provide the long-term certainty investors require. Participants generally agreed that fragmented national or regional markets may not be a major obstacle at this stage. Rather than waiting for a perfectly harmonized global system, robust local markets can develop first and potentially become more connected over time.\n\nHowever, participants repeatedly returned to the difficulty of standardization. Biodiversity is inherently local, making a fully fungible international biodiversity credit challenging. There was greater confidence in mechanisms such as mitigation banking, national compliance schemes, or the incorporation of as a quality attribute alongside other environmental outcomes than in a single globally tradable biodiversity unit.\nAnother major insight concerned risk and benefit sharing. Nature projects often require years of community engagement, restoration work, monitoring, and education before they generate revenue. Yet project developers and local communities frequently bear much of this early risk, while investors and buyers enter later. Participants questioned whether buyers, insurers, blended-finance providers, or governments could share more of the upfront cost and project risk. Insurance was identified as one possible tool for improving credibility and distributing losses when ecological outcomes do not materialize as expected.\n\nThe discussions also emphasized that local communities cannot be treated simply as recipients of benefits at the end of a project. Successful projects require participation in determining conservation rules, monitoring outcomes, and sharing responsibility. Examples of community-led monitoring and smaller solidarity groups suggested that local accountability can strengthen implementation while making risk-sharing fairer and more practical.\n\nFinally, several participants questioned whether carbon, biodiversity, water, soil, and social outcomes should be separated into distinct markets at all. A healthier ecosystem produces multiple interconnected benefits, and optimizing for one metric alone can unintentionally weaken another. This led to interest in more holistic natural-capital approaches.\n\nThe session ended with cautious optimism. Nature markets remain immature and will inevitably experience failures and experimentation. Yet the willingness of companies and investors to begin paying for impacts that were previously treated as externalities was seen as significant progress. The challenge ahead is to build markets that are credible, locally grounded, equitable, and ultimately designed to make capital work in the interests of both nature and society.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1788260447/villars-institute/banner/turning-point-for-nature-biodiversity_image__55157004721_fdf979aed1_o_c0hjgt.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1788260447/villars-institute/banner/turning-point-for-nature-biodiversity_image__55157004721_fdf979aed1_o_c0hjgt.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1788260447/villars-institute/banner/turning-point-for-nature-biodiversity_image__55157004721_fdf979aed1_o_c0hjgt.jpg"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1788260447/villars-institute/banner/turning-point-for-nature-biodiversity_image__55157004721_fdf979aed1_o_c0hjgt.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1788260447/villars-institute/banner/turning-point-for-nature-biodiversity_image__55157004721_fdf979aed1_o_c0hjgt.jpg"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db4a","name":"Bottle Green","value":"#4A7D49"}}},{"data":{"__typename":"Reflection","updated":"2026-09-01T11:34:08.62","taxonomyLabel":"Systems Leadership","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"id":"6a96b319cbc3c6c7f9f60d90","path":"/perspectives/the-7th-villars-institute-distringuished-lecture-villars-rapporteur-report","slug":"the-7th-villars-institute-distringuished-lecture-villars-rapporteur-report","name":"The 7th Villars Institute Distringuished Lecture: Villars Rapporteur Report","published":"2026-09-01T11:34:08.62","typeLabel":"New View","authors":[{"id":"65d547fed5bcca2bcbc9ead0","name":"Olivia Avalos Villar","slug":"olivia-avalos-villar","typeLabel":"Person","badge":null,"path":"/people/olivia-avalos-villar","updated":"2026-08-27T13:41:27.75","__typename":"Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_person/olivia-avalos-villar","title":"Olivia Avalos Villar","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/olivia-avalos-villar_photo__olivia-avalos-villar_photo__Professional_Profile_sgvae7.jpg_wsu7ah","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1753193790/villars-institute/person/olivia-avalos-villar_photo__olivia-avalos-villar_photo__Professional_Profile_sgvae7.jpg_wsu7ah.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"id":"thumbnails-file_villars-institute/person/olivia-avalos-villar_photo__olivia-avalos-villar_photo__Professional_Profile_sgvae7.jpg_wsu7ah","bubbleLarge":{"id":"thumbnails-bubble-large-file_villars-institute/person/olivia-avalos-villar_photo__olivia-avalos-villar_photo__Professional_Profile_sgvae7.jpg_wsu7ah","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1753193790/villars-institute/person/olivia-avalos-villar_photo__olivia-avalos-villar_photo__Professional_Profile_sgvae7.jpg_wsu7ah.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_256/v1753193790/villars-institute/person/olivia-avalos-villar_photo__olivia-avalos-villar_photo__Professional_Profile_sgvae7.jpg_wsu7ah.jpg"}}}}}],"challenges":[{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989845/villars-institute/banner/theme-systems-leadership_image__theme-systems-leadership.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d9a0","name":"Systems Leadership","slug":"systems-leadership"},{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989838/villars-institute/banner/theme-nature-based-solutions_image__theme-nature-based-solutions.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99d","name":"Nature Positive","slug":"nature-positive"},{"openGraph":{"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989843/villars-institute/banner/theme-planetary-health_image__theme-planetary-health.jpg"}},"_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"__typename":"Challenge","id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99f","name":"Planetary Boundaries","slug":"planetary-boundaries"}],"openGraph":{"description":{"text":"### Ideas from the speakers\nThe 7th Distinguished Villars Lecture explored the concept of “biohappiness” as a framework for rethinking development by placing ecological well-being alongside human health, nutrition, livelihoods, and social equity. Rather than treating environmental and social challenges as separate issues, the lecture argued for a systems approach that recognizes their deep interdependence. Current measures of progress, including GDP and measures of national happiness, often fail to adequately account for biodiversity, ecosystems, and the natural resources on which human well-being ultimately depends.\n\nThe presenter situated this argument within a landscape of interconnected global risks. Climate change cannot be considered in isolation from biodiversity loss and pollution, while inequality acts as an underlying factor that determines who is most exposed and least able to adapt. Food systems provided a clear example. Although thousands of plant species have historically been used as food, global diets now depend heavily on only a few crops. Intensive agricultural practices have contributed to declining agrobiodiversity, soil degradation, pollinator loss, and increasingly vulnerable food systems. At the same time, billions of people remain unable to afford a healthy diet despite sufficient global food production.\n\nExamples from community-based initiatives demonstrated what systems thinking can look like in practice. Mangrove restoration illustrated how conserving ecosystems can simultaneously strengthen coastal resilience, protect biodiversity, create livelihoods, and contribute to carbon storage. Work with indigenous and farming communities showed the value of protecting traditional crops, community seed banks, sacred groves, and locally held ecological knowledge. Importantly, conservation was presented as unlikely to succeed when separated from people's economic realities: communities must be able to benefit from protecting the ecosystems around them.\n\nTechnology was similarly framed as an enabling tool rather than an end in itself. Participatory digital platforms, biotechnology, artificial intelligence, and environmental monitoring can support communities when combined with local knowledge and genuine participation. Across these examples, particular attention was given to women, young people, and marginalized communities, whose knowledge and labor are often essential to food systems and conservation but remain insufficiently recognized.\n\nUltimately, biohappiness was proposed as a possible foundation for thinking beyond the Sustainable Development Goals: a model in which ecology sits at the core of development and healthier choices for people become healthier choices for the planet.\n\n### Insights from the audience\nThe lecture reinforced the importance of moving beyond fragmented responses to environmental, health, and development challenges. A central insight was that many of the problems society attempts to solve individually are, ultimately, different expressions of the same interconnected system. Climate change affects food security, health, migration, livelihoods, gender inequality, and biodiversity, meaning that progress in one area cannot be sustained if interventions create new vulnerabilities elsewhere.\n\nThe examples presented also highlighted the importance of local agency in systems transformation. Communities were not portrayed simply as beneficiaries of scientific or conservation initiatives, but as holders of knowledge and active participants in designing solutions. Indigenous communities protecting biodiversity, women conserving traditional crop varieties, and fishing communities helping to shape digital tools all demonstrated that successful interventions are stronger when they combine scientific expertise with lived experience. This challenged conventional models in which solutions are developed centrally and later introduced to communities.\n\nAnother important takeaway concerned the relationship between environmental protection and equity. Conservation cannot simply require vulnerable populations to sacrifice access to resources for the sake of nature. Sustainable solutions must create viable livelihoods, expand access to knowledge and finance, and recognize groups whose contributions have historically been overlooked. The discussion of women farmers was particularly illustrative: despite making up a significant proportion of the agricultural workforce, women often lack formal land ownership, which can restrict their access to credit, resources, and institutional support.\n\nThe health dimension of climate change further expanded the audience's understanding of environmental action. Heat, air pollution, extreme weather, malnutrition, infectious disease, mental health, and gender-based violence demonstrate that climate change is not only a future environmental threat but a present human health challenge. Adaptation therefore needs to account for differences in exposure and capacity, particularly among vulnerable groups.\n\nAlthough time for audience questions was limited, the final exchange distilled perhaps the most significant barrier identified throughout the lecture: silos. The challenge is not necessarily a shortage of knowledge, technology, or individual solutions, but the difficulty of connecting institutions, sectors, disciplines, and communities. The session therefore left a clear message: meaningful transformation requires moving from isolated interventions and indicators toward integrated systems that value ecology, human well-being, equity, traditional knowledge, and technological innovation together.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1788260993/villars-institute/banner/the-villars-institute-distinguished-lecture_image__55155494753_fd51555ae6_o_ht8w4n.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1788260993/villars-institute/banner/the-villars-institute-distinguished-lecture_image__55155494753_fd51555ae6_o_ht8w4n.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1788260993/villars-institute/banner/the-villars-institute-distinguished-lecture_image__55155494753_fd51555ae6_o_ht8w4n.png"},"bubble":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_64/v1788260993/villars-institute/banner/the-villars-institute-distinguished-lecture_image__55155494753_fd51555ae6_o_ht8w4n.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_128/v1788260993/villars-institute/banner/the-villars-institute-distinguished-lecture_image__55155494753_fd51555ae6_o_ht8w4n.png"}}}},"color":{"id":"65d5479fd5bcca2bcbc9db5c","name":"Light Brown","value":"#AA9B8C"}}}]}}}